Thursday, April 24, 2014

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


Burma to Seek South China Sea Resolution at ‘Pace Comfortable to All Countries’

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 05:20 AM PDT

Asean, Myanmar, Asean 24th Summit, South China Sea, China, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei, Cambodia, Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies, Yangon

Nyunt Maung Shein (R), chairman of the Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies (MISIS), during a visit to the Maritime Institute of Malaysia. (Photo: mima.gov.my)

This year, Burma's government is chairman of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) for the first time, having previously been ruled out of the position because of the country's military regime. As chair it will have to address 21st-century Asia's most complicated and potentially destabilizing issue: the dispute between China and its Asean neighbors, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei, about overlapping territorial claims in the South China Sea.

Asean's most important meetings will be conducted at the end of the year. On May 10-11, the 24th Asean Summit will take place in Naypyidaw when Asean foreign ministers will gather.

Last year's Asean chair Brunei won plaudits for its balanced handling of meetings over the dispute, but in 2012 Cambodia drew the ire of the Philippines in particular, due to Phnom Penh's perceived favoritism toward China. That history means Hanoi and Manila will likely be watchful for any repeat in Burma, where China is the most important trade partner, the biggest foreign investor and formerly a key ally to the military regime.

Discussions on the South China Sea have hit a snag on establishing a Code of Conduct (CoC) that would set rules for parties in case of a dispute. Vietnam and the Philippines are vocal supporters of the initiative, but China prefers to resolve any dispute bilaterally. In 2013, a Joint Working Group of was formed in which China and Asean will further discuss the CoC.

Irrawaddy reporter Kyaw Hsu Mon spoke with Nyunt Maung Shein, chairman of the government-affiliated Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies (MISIS) and a former Burmese diplomat, about Naypyidaw's approach to South China Sea issue.

QUESTION: What are the main reasons for the South China Sea dispute between China and the four Asean member countries?

ANSWER: The dispute will not be solved quickly during Myanmar's chairmanship because there are complicated [disagreements over] ownership of [South China Sea] islands; and there are also many mineral, oil and fisheries resources… To solve this problem, there is a mechanism that is called the Code of Conduct [CoC] that needs to be developed. Currently, Asean member countries have been trying to draw up the CoC but it requires time. Asia is a fast-growing economic engine in the world at this time, these disputes should be ended in order not to harm Asia's image. Before the [24th] Asean Summit, international experts held a seminar and workshop to seek a solution which they will propose at the summit…. [Government] leaders will consider their solutions for this issue.

Q: During Asean meetings in recent years, the chairman has not been able to resolve this difficult issue. What will Burma do in order to try to resolve the dispute?

A: The resolution process will keep going and, as I said, it requires time. It moves in incremental steps, the process will gradually develop. All steps should occur at a pace that is comfortable to all countries involved in this dispute. We should not rush to try to get a result… China wants to gradually develop a resolution for this problem.

We can't compare the results of last year and this year, and which one is more significant. Senior-level meetings have continued among Asean leaders until now, so it means there is improvement. Even drawing up the Declaration of Conduct, the DoC, took at least 10 years. [The DoC from the early 2000s states all China-Asean disputes should be resolved peacefully]. We already have the DoC, but we need to implement guidelines on how to apply this [in the case of the South China Sea]. During this time, we need to build up mutual trust between China and Asean countries.

Q: China and Burma have a relationship that has been close for longer than other Asean countries. Will this play a role in resolving the South China Sea dispute, and is there a risk that Burma will appear biased in favor of China?

A: Yes that's right, China is a neighboring country that has a long friendship [with Myanmar]; we have a good relationship. But on the other hand, there is also Asean unity and strategy, so we want to solve this problem peacefully and in an unbiased manner…

But it's early to say what will happen as we haven't received the proposal from international experts for the upcoming summit. We have a Joint Working Group [between China and Asean] now to solve this dispute. Through this committee, we submitted the results [of the seminars] for discussion with senior officials.

Q: What sort of political and economic impacts can the South China Sea dispute have on Burma?

A: There won't be an impact politically, but economically. Maritime routes run through the Malacca Strait and the South China Sea between China, Japan, Korea and Western countries. One third of all maritime trade passes through this Strait, one ship every minute passes through this sea lane. It's a really big issue, so we need to try our best to resolve this problem during our chair in this year.

Q: Will the South China Sea dispute be the single biggest issue for Burma during its Asean chairmanship and the upcoming 24th Asean Summit?

A: It will be one of the issues at this summit. The rest of the issues are also important, such as reviewing the Asean Charter, and the most important [other issue] is to implement the Asean Economic Community [AEC] next year, in 2015. We have a big responsibility to plan the implementation of the AEC one year ahead. The South China Sea will only be one of the important issues in this Summit. China is a biggest trade partner for the Asean member countries, so there are also other, positive relationships between both sides.

The post Burma to Seek South China Sea Resolution at 'Pace Comfortable to All Countries' appeared first on The Irrawaddy Magazine.

More Public Involvement Planned for Burma Charter Reform Campaign

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 04:27 AM PDT

Myanmar, Burma, Constitution, 2008, Aung San Suu Kyi, Suu Kyi, National League for Democracy, NLD, 8888, 1988, 88 Generation Peace and Society,

Opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi discusses constitutional reform with leaders of 88 Generation Peace and Society in April. (Photo: 88 Generation Peace and Open Society / Facebook)

RANGOON — Burma's main opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi and the leaders of the former students' group 88 Generation Peace and Open Society met earlier this week to discuss how to garner greater public involvement in their joint campaign to amend the 2008 Constitution.

The meeting, which took place at Suu Kyi's lakeside villa in Rangoon, was attended by Min Ko Naing, Ko Ko Gyi, Jimmy, Mya Aye and Pyone Cho—all prominent leaders involved in Burma's 1988 student uprising. It was the fourth meeting between the Nobel peace laureate and the student leaders, who earlier this year announced an alliance to push for changes to the country's military-drafted charter.

Jimmy told The Irrawaddy that the meeting involved further discussions about their constitutional reform efforts, in particular how the public can become more involved in order to push parliamentarians to pay attention to the campaign.

"People need to be more involved. They say 'the Parliament's voice is the people's voice.' But now is the time to see to what extent they listen the people's voice. We will push them by all means to do it," he said.

According to the student leader, Suu Kyi said during the meeting that she would respond to the proposal to increase public involvement on behalf of the National League for Democracy, after discussing the plan with her party's Central Executive Committee.

The NLD and 88 Generation Peace and Open Society—formerly known as the 88 Generation Student Group—have been meeting since February in an attempt to present a united front calling for constitutional amendments ahead of national elections in 2015. Demonstrations have been held across the country in support of constitutional reform.

They have agreed to first target Article 436 in the Constitution's Chapter 12. The article gives the military a veto over constitutional reform, stating that amendments require approval of more than 75 percent of all MPs—at least a quarter of whom are from the military. The article also calls for a nationwide referendum to approve amendments to certain parts of the charter.

The post More Public Involvement Planned for Burma Charter Reform Campaign appeared first on The Irrawaddy Magazine.

UN Chief Calls for Burma to Investigate Military Rape Claims

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 03:06 AM PDT

 Myanmar, Burma, Rape, sexual violence, assault, tatmadaw, military, United Nations, UN, Ban Ki-Moon, Security Council,

Burma Army soldiers on parade in Naypyidaw on Armed Forces Day on March 27. (Photo: JPaing / The Irrawaddy)

The chief of the United Nations has officially called on the Burmese government to conduct full investigations into allegations of rape and sexual assault made against its soldiers, according to a document made public this week.

A report to the UN Security Council from Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon titled "Conflict-related Sexual Violence," addressed the issue of sexual violence in 20 countries around the world, including Burma.

"I call on the Government of Myanmar to fully investigate and respond to current and historical human rights violations and abuses, including crimes of sexual violence," Ban Ki-moon said in the report, which is dated March 13 but has only just been made public.

He urged the government "to work to develop a comprehensive protection and service response for survivors" of sexual violence, with the UN's support.

Burmese women's organizations and campaigners, who have long called for allegations of sexual violence by the military to be independently investigated, welcomed the secretary-general's intervention.

The Thailand-based Women's League of Burma (WLB) in January said in a report it had documented more than 100 cases of soldiers raping women and girls—the majority in war-torn Kachin and Shan states—since 2010. In a statement Thursday, the group said that it "welcomes this clear recognition of State failure to deal with past and present military sexual violence in Burma."

WLB pointed out, however, that "previous government-led investigations into military rape have not only failed to deliver justice, but have led to further humiliation and intimidation of rape survivors and their communities."

"We are still concerned about how the government would conduct [investigations] if they agreed to implement the UN secretary-general's recommendation," said Tin Tin Nyo, secretary of WLB, an umbrella organization representing 13 different ethnic women groups.

Ban Ki-moon's report will be discussed at a Security Council debate on Friday on sexual violence. The United Kingdom-based Burma Campaign group issued a statement urging the British government to take a strong stance on the issue.

"Burma Campaign UK welcomes the fact that the UN Secretary General is focusing more on sexual violence in Burma, and has called for investigations," said Zoya Phan, the group's campaigns manager.

"However, the United Nations has made dozens of calls on the Burmese government to hold credible investigations into human rights violations, and all have been ignored. It is time the United Nations established its own investigation."

Campaigners say the secretary general's comments follow years of documenting the abuses of Burma Army soldiers, and the impunity that usually follows allegations. Soldiers accused of rape are regularly punished internally by the military rather than in the civilian courts, if they are held to account at all.

WLB's report in January noted of rape allegations against the military that, "Their widespread and systematic nature indicates a structural pattern: rape is still used as an instrument of war and oppression." It said allegations of rape by soldiers, which may constitute war crimes, should be independently investigated.

Shortly after their report in January, presidential spokesman Ye Htut in an interview with Reuters denied the group's allegation that the military uses rape as a weapon, and asked for the group to share more detailed information about the allegations.

Jessica Nhkum, the joint-secretary of the Kachin Women Association Thailand, who documents rape cases by the Burma Army, told The Irrawaddy that the problem was not going away. In the first quarter of 2014, new allegations have continued to emerge, she said.

"Although we could not reach all areas in our war-torn Kachin State, even in the reachable areas—such as near Myitkyina, Laiza, Mai Ja Yang and in northern Shan State—we have documented several cases of rape by Burmese soldiers in 2014," she said.

And with renewed fighting in Kachin State and northern Shan State breaking out during Burmese New Year last week, activists stressed that more rape cases may soon be reported.

Soldiers have been accused of raping girls as young as 7 in Kachin State, as in one case from November 2013. And a 13-year-old girl in Mon State was allegedly raped by a soldier in January 2014, just as the WLB's report documenting rape allegations was published.

The government in the past has repeatedly denied claims of rape by its troops.
In 2002, the Shan Women Action Network, a member of WLB, published a report including such allegations, titled "License to Rape." Following publication, women were allegedly forced to sign denials refuting the facts in the report, according to WLB's Tin Tin Nyo.

"We don't want the kind of reaction this time as we have examples of before," said Tin Tin Nyo.

"As for the president's spokesperson's suggestion to release information to them for further investigation, it is impossible. We have to consider the safety of those women, who are already being victimized."

The post UN Chief Calls for Burma to Investigate Military Rape Claims appeared first on The Irrawaddy Magazine.

Mandalay Chief Minister Facing Negligence Charge for House Fire

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 02:15 AM PDT

A fire truck sits parked outside the home of Mandalay Division Chief Minister Ye Myint on Saturday. (Teza Hlaing / The Irrawaddy)

MANDALAY — The divisional chief minister in Mandalay is facing negligence charges after a fire broke out at his home last week.

According to police, the fire at Chief Minister Ye Myint's home was caused by an overheated surge protector connected to an air conditioning unit. A case was opened by police in Mandalay's Aung Myay Thar San Township on Wednesday.

"Since the minister is the head of his home and the most responsible person for the fire at his home, police filed a case against him," said a duty officer who requested that he not be identified by name.

"The penalty for his negligence will be known only after the court hearing," he added.

Police say the fire broke out around 8 pm on Saturday and affected parts of the two-story house's first floor. Damage was estimated at 1.1 million kyats (US$1,145).

Authorities' handling of the incident has been widely criticized, however, by Mandalay residents who have questioned why it took so long to bring charges against the minister or make information about the fire publically available.

On the same night, a fire at the Mandalay Hotel, located in the city's busiest market area, inflicted about 4.2 million kyats' worth in damages. The next morning, police announced the loss and charged the owner of the hotel with negligence.

Mandalay's hot and dry climate makes the city particularly fire-prone and residents are mindful to take precautionary measures as a result, adding an element of public anger toward a perceived delay in the police's response to the minister's house fire on Saturday.

Security personnel assigned to Ye Myint also reportedly interfered in emergency crew efforts to extinguish the fire and prevented journalists from taking pictures or recording video of the blaze. A photojournalist with The Irrawaddy was told he could not photograph the scene of the fire, with no explanation for the prohibition provided.

Security guards at the minister's home reportedly stopped some firemen from entering the compound because the emergency responders were not wearing full uniforms.

The chief official of the division that includes Burma's second-biggest city last made national headlines in late January, when his convoy was hit by an explosive device that injured two people. Ye Myint was not harmed in the blast.

The post Mandalay Chief Minister Facing Negligence Charge for House Fire appeared first on The Irrawaddy Magazine.

The Invincible Spirit of Win Tin Lives On

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 12:34 AM PDT

Thai Activist Who Opposed Lese Majeste Law Killed

Posted: 23 Apr 2014 10:29 PM PDT

Thailand, lese majeste, human rights, activism

Thai protesters demonstrate outside a government building in Bangkok in early December. (Photo Steve Tickner / The Irrawaddy)

BANGKOK — A pro-government activist who opposed a law punishing critics of Thailand’s monarchy was fatally shot Wednesday in the capital, police said.

The killing came as tensions continue over the political fate of Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra, whose foes are trying to force her from office to make way for an appointed government to implement reforms.

Police Col. Thanawat Watthanakul said Kamol Duangphasuk was shot by gunmen on a motorcycle in a restaurant parking lot in northern Bangkok. Kamol, a poet also known as Mainueng Kor Khuntee, was a member of the "Red Shirt" political movement which supports Yingluck and her brother, former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra.

"At this point, we have no idea who the gunmen were or what the motive of the attack could be," Thanawat said.

Thailand has been plagued by political strife since a 2006 military coup ousted Thaksin from office, after demonstrators accused him of corruption, abuse of power and disrespect for King Bhumibol Adulyadej. Since the coup, Thaksin’s opponents and supporters have contended for power, staging sometimes-violent street demonstrations.

Kamol was a strong opponent of Thailand’s lese majeste law, which provides up to 15 years in prison for anyone who defames the country’s monarchy. A newly formed vigilante group has threatened to hunt down people who oppose the monarchy, describing them as trash.

Kamol’s poetry had a hard political edge, and he advocated that the Red Shirts organize in a military fashion at the local level in order to protect Yingluck’s government. Yingluck faces court rulings that could force her from office, in what her supporters call a "judicial coup."

The judiciary is seen as part of the Thai establishment, which has long been hostile to Thaksin. Thaksin’s supporters believe the country’s elite felt their privileges threatened by Thaksin’s popularity, especially among rural and underprivileged citizens who benefited from his populist programs.

More than 20 people have been killed and over 700 hurt since November in violence related to current anti-government protests.

The post Thai Activist Who Opposed Lese Majeste Law Killed appeared first on The Irrawaddy Magazine.

In India’s vote, Hindu Holy City Is Battleground

Posted: 23 Apr 2014 10:18 PM PDT

India, Varanasi, Gandhi, Modi, Kejriwal, election, vote, democracy, Hindu, Muslim,

Abhinandan Pathak, a lookalike of Hindu nationalist Narendra Modi, the prime ministerial candidate for India's main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), prays for Modi's victory in the general election inside a temple in the northern Indian city of Varanasi April 22, 2014. (Photo: Reuters)

VARANASI, India — For tens of millions of Hindus, Varanasi is a place of pilgrimage. Crowded with ancient temples and shrines, its streets jammed with believers and tourists, this city on the banks of the holy Ganges River is where the devout believe they attain instant salvation.

But in recent weeks Varanasi also has become the noisy battleground for India's most-watched contest in its national elections: Two of the country's most prominent politicians are facing off in a contest for the city's sole parliamentary seat.

Holding aloft brooms—the symbol of the year-old Aam Aadmi, or Common Man's, Party—and waving them in the air, thousands gathered Wednesday at a rally in the city to show support for the upstart Arvind Kejriwal, an anti-corruption firebrand who leaped into the national spotlight when he won New Delhi's top job in a stunning upset late last year.

Kejriwal is trying to knock off the heavily favored Narendra Modi, a prime ministerial hopeful from the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party, or BJP. Modi's carefully crafted and well-financed campaign presents him as a can-do politician who has turned his home state of Gujarat into a haven for business and industry—and has pledged to bolster India's growth.

Despite the national attention given to their city, most residents have distinctly local concerns: frequent electricity outages, filthy streets and the millions of tons of raw sewage that flow into the Ganges.

"Any candidate who can clean up this place has my vote," said Manik Dev Trivedi, who works for a software company, as he picked his way past heaps of discarded food and stray dogs.

Both Modi and Kejriwal must campaign as outsiders. Neither man lives in Varanasi, a city of 1.2 million that votes on May 12 in India's five-weeklong election process in which 814 million people are eligible to cast ballots. Parliamentary candidates can choose to contest any district, and that choice normally reflects their election strategy.

During his campaign, Modi has not played up his party's Hindu agenda, but experts say his decision to run in this holy city is meant to send a clear message to all voters about his commitment to the BJP's brand of religious nationalism, which emphasizes India's Hindu identity.

The BJP also promises good governance at a time when the ruling Congress party has been plagued by repeated scandals, and its leader Rahul Gandhi has generally failed to inspire the public, leaving many analysts to predict that the BJP will likely emerge with the largest number of seats in the elections when results are announced on May 16.

Across Varanasi, Modi's face is plastered on posters and billboards, and the lotus flower, the party's symbol, is everywhere, suspended above major intersections and hanging from street lights. Hordes of party activists wearing saffron caps or shawls roam the streets, confident in his triumph.

"Modi has a vision for this country. His victory from Varanasi is a given, and he will win with a huge margin," said Tilak Raj Mishra, one of his supporters at the party's election headquarters in the city, an enormous portrait of Modi, festooned with marigold garlands, on the wall behind him.

The race in Varanasi is also drawing attention because it lies in India's most populous—and arguably most politically important—state of Uttar Pradesh. With 200 million people, a comparable population to Brazil, the state is allotted 80 seats in the 543-seat in the lower house of parliament. It has a proud political legacy, too: Eight of India's 14 prime ministers have hailed from Uttar Pradesh.

"The sheer size of the state and its population ensures that the party that holds sway in UP will be the kingmaker," said Chauthi Ram Yadav, a professor at the city's Banaras Hindu University.

But some Indians are worried about Modi's rise—particularly Muslims, who make up about 18 percent of the state's population.

His image has been tainted by the 2002 sectarian violence that ripped through his home state of Gujarat, killing nearly 1,000 Muslims. Modi, who has been chief minister of the state since 2001, is widely seen as doing little to stop the violence, and his fiercest critics have accused him of organizing the bloodshed.

"As a Muslim, how can I vote for Modi?" asked Tahir Sheikh, a Varanasi college student.

Modi denies playing a role in the riots, and has never apologized or expressed remorse for them. In December, under pressure to speak about the violence that has become a focal point of his candidacy, Modi spoke of his "anguish" over the bloodshed. The carefully worded statement appeared designed to convey that he had nothing to apologize for.

True to his anti-establishment image, Kejriwal decided to run for office in Varanasi simply to face off against Modi, whom he accuses of favoring big business.

Since his emergence on the national stage, Kejriwal has quickly gained a reputation of an erratic rabble-rouser. He has led protests and hunger strikes against government corruption. After just 49 days as New Delhi's chief minister, Kejriwal quit, claiming that the entrenched political system prevented him from carrying out real reforms. Instead, he said he would invest his energy in the national elections.

His campaign here has focused more on local issues, and he has promised to build an effective sewage system, clean up the river and support the city's legendary sari weavers.

In the Madanpura neighborhood, a warren of alleys flanked by buildings home to thousands of impoverished, mostly Muslim, weavers, the overriding concern is about declining demand for hand-woven saris amid a flood of cheaper mass-produced polyester versions.

"In the last decade, the weavers have taken a beating," said Mohammed Azhar as he sat at a low table, using colored pencils to create floral sari patterns. "What can these politicians do for us?"

The post In India's vote, Hindu Holy City Is Battleground appeared first on The Irrawaddy Magazine.

Obama Uses Japan Visit to Reassure Wary Asian Allies

Posted: 23 Apr 2014 09:47 PM PDT

United States, Japan, Barak Obama, Shinzo Abe, strategy, China, Asia, Pacific, shrine, Diaoyu, Senkaku,

US President Barack Obama meets with Japanese Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko at the Imperial Palace in Tokyo April 24, 2014. (Photo: Reuters)

TOKYO — US President Barack Obama used a state visit to Japan on Thursday to try to reassure Asian allies of his commitment to ramping up US engagement in the region, despite Chinese complaints that his real aim is to contain Beijing's rise.

Obama is being treated to a display of pomp and ceremony meant to show that the US-Japan alliance, the main pillar of America's security strategy in Asia, remains solid at a time of rising tensions over growing Chinese assertiveness and North Korean nuclear threats.

"As you said, my visit here, I think, once again represents my deep belief that a strong US-Japan relationship is not only good for our countries, but good for the world," Obama told Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe at the start of their summit.

"Our shared democratic values mean that we have to work together in multilateral settings to deal with regional hot spots around the globe, but also to try to make sure we are creating a strong set of rules that govern the international order."

Behind the scenes, US and Japanese trade negotiators for the two countries were working around the clock in Tokyo on a two-way trade pact seen as crucial to a broader trans-Pacific agreement.

"We're continuing to work," a US official said on Thursday, before the leaders met on the first state visit to Japan by a US president in 18 years.

"Autos and agriculture continue to be the focus, and our goal remains to achieve meaningful market access for American businesses, farmers and ranchers," the official said. "We've made some progress and worked around the clock."

Even if Obama and Abe cannot complete a bilateral trade deal before the US president leaves Tokyo on Friday, they are likely to try to project a sense of progress on key issues.

Balancing Act

The diplomatic challenge for Obama during his week-long, four-nation regional tour will be to convince Asian partners that Washington is serious about its promised strategic "pivot" towards the region, while at the same time not harming US ties with China, the world's second-biggest economy.

The difficulty of Obama's balancing act was underscored hours before he arrived on Wednesday night when Chinese state media criticized US policy in the region as "a carefully calculated scheme to cage the rapidly developing Asian giant."

The official Xinhua news agency followed that on Thursday with a commentary that said: "…the pomp and circumstance Obama receives … cannot conceal the fact that Tokyo has become a growing liability to Washington's pursuit of long-term interests."

Obama told Japan's Yomiuri newspaper that while Washington welcomed China's peaceful rise, "our engagement with China does not and will not come at the expense of Japan or any other ally."

An Obama-Abe joint statement is likely to specify that tiny Japanese-administered islands in the East China Sea, claimed by Beijing, fall under the US-Japan treaty that obliges Washington to defend Tokyo, Japanese media said on Thursday.

This is standard US policy, but putting Obama's name to such a statement would reassure Japan on an issue that is a source of tension between Asia's biggest powers.

Obama's trip will also include stops in South Korea, Malaysia and the Philippines. Leaders who will meet Obama are also keeping a wary eye on the crisis in Ukraine through the prism of their own territorial disputes with Beijing.

Some of China's neighbors worry that Obama's apparent inability to rein in Russia, which annexed Crimea last month, could send a message of weakness to China.

Message of Solidarity

The Japanese government lobbied hard to get the White House to agree to an official state visit, the first by a sitting US president since Bill Clinton in 1996.

Topping Obama's schedule on Thursday was an audience with Emperor Akihito at the Imperial Palace and a summit with Abe followed by a joint news conference. He will also visit the Meiji Shrine, which honors the Japanese emperor who oversaw the country's rapid modernization in the late 1800s.

At an official welcoming ceremony by Emperor Akihito, Obama walked smiling past Japanese schoolchildren waving small US and Japanese flags, solemnly inspected a rifle-bearing military honor guard, and shook hands with Japanese dignitaries in front of the sprawling palace before heading inside with his hosts.

Abe will be trying to soothe US concerns that his conservative push to recast Japan's war record with a less apologetic tone is overshadowing his pragmatic policies on the economy and security.

"Japan has been walking on the path of peace for seven decades after the war," Abe told Obama at the start of their talks. "An alliance between Japan and the United States, which share such values as freedom, democracy and human rights, as well as strategic interest, is indispensable as a cornerstone for peace and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific region."

Obama and Abe are expected to send a message of solidarity after strains following Abe's December visit to Tokyo's Yasukuni Shrine, seen by critics as a symbol of Japan's past militarism.

In his remarks to the Yomiuri, Obama has already assured Japan that the bilateral defense treaty covers the disputed islets, called the Senkaku by Japan and the Diaoyu by China.

The Obama-Abe joint statement will say the two allies will not tolerate any attempt to change the status quo there by force, a phrase that implicitly targets China.

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Democratic Voice of Burma

Democratic Voice of Burma


Burmese Everest team postpones summit attempt

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 04:28 AM PDT

A team of five Burmese mountaineers have been forced to postpone a plan to climb Mount Everest in the wake of an avalanche that last week killed 13 porters, with three missing, presumed dead.

The five Burmese – Namar Johnsin, Sai Kyaw Wunna Soe, Ye Min Thu, Kee Yo Twee, Sai Kyaw Thu Htwe – would have been the first from their country ever to scale Everest, the world's highest mountain at 8,848m (29,029 ft). They were training at altitude in the Nepalese Himalayas for an attempt on the summit when disaster struck on 18 April.

On Tuesday, a coalition of guides and porters declared that they would not climb the mountain again this year in honour of the deceased. The Nepali government announced soon after that Everest is officially closed for 2014, effective immediately. It said it will honour the current climbing permits for up to five years.

"Amid the discrepancy between the government of Nepal and the guides, we are compelled to postpone our mission to raise the Burmese flag on Everest," the Burmese squad wrote on their Facebook page.

"We have trained for this mission in harsh weather with unrelenting determination," they said. "Having to make the decision to turn back makes our chests heavy and brings tears to our eyes."

The Burmese team, having hiked back to Periche from Mount Everest base camp, returned on Thursday to Nepali capital Kathmandu. They said they are still determined to fly the Burmese flag on the peak of the world's highest mountain.

Their adventure to scale Everest had been sponsored to a large degree by Burmese tycoon Tay Za through his Htoo Foundation, subsidiaries of the Htoo Group and Air Bagan.

The 16 porters and guides, mostly ethnic Sherpas who are indigenous to the Himalayan foothills, were carrying supplies from one camp to another when a serac, or ice tower, collapsed, causing an avalanche at the perilous Kumbu Ice Field, which stands at 19,000 feet on the Nepali side of the summit.

The deaths last Friday bring the total number of fatalities on the mountain since 1922 to more than 250, the vast majority Sherpa porters, and has again raised questions about whether impoverished ethnic men should be made to pay the ultimate price for the whimsical fantasies of the international elite.

Guiding on Everest is not only dangerous but ethically fraught, said Grayson Schaffer, a senior editor at Outside magazine who published an extensive investigation of the socio-economics of Sherpas on Everest in 2013.

"But shutting the industry down would anger the outfitters, clients, and, most of all, the Sherpas," Schaffer wrote on Friday. "That last group would lose jobs that pay between US$2,000 and $6,000 per season, in a country where the median income is $540 per year."

The answer, he wrote, "isn't decreasing, or ending, the climbing business on Everest; the solution is increasing the value of a Sherpa life."

Paying tribute to a Burmese legend

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 03:53 AM PDT

It was a mark of how respected and loved he was that thousands of people paid their final respects to one of Burma's bravest and longest-serving pro-democracy fighters.

Win Tin passed away at Rangoon General Hospital on Monday, 21 April, from kidney failure.

Throughout Wednesday afternoon, throngs of people crowded the hall at Yay Way Cemetery in Rangoon where Win Tin's body lay in repose.

A co-founder of the National League for Democracy (NLD) and close aide to Aung San Suu Kyi, Win Tin spent 19 years behind bars for his vehement opposition to military rule and for his writings.

Lying in a glass coffin, Win Tin was dressed in his iconic blue prison uniform – as if continuing his protest on behalf of all dissidents who remain behind bars.

Aung San Suu Kyi was among activists, politicians and ordinary citizens who paid their last respects to the former journalist and writer.

Outside, mourners crowded the streets carrying banners and wreaths.

A memorial ceremony was held at Rangoon University's Judson Hall, where fellow former political prisoner, Min Ko Naing, praised Win Tin in a eulogy.

"The admirable thing about Win Tin is that he always had the honesty to admit when he didn’t know something and  had the patience to take his time and explain thoroughly what he did know to others," said the 88 Generation Peace and Open Society member.

Mourners at the funeral wore blue shirts as a tribute to Win Tin – Burma's longest serving political prisoner.

NLD youth member Khin Lay said Win Tin was a "confidant" to the younger generation.

"We could always pour our heart out to him and he would listen and advise us," she said.

"Now we are determined to work harder to achieve democracy, something he never got the chance to see.”

Outside the NLD headquarters in Rangoon, Win Tin's supporters gathered for a moment of silence under his picture. NLD flags flew at half-mast.

Late in the afternoon, Win Tin's body was moved to a wooden coffin with an NLD flag draped over it and taken to his final resting place.

Hundreds of mourners watched as Win Tin was laid to rest in a tomb draped in blue velvet.

For poet and songwriter, Ko Ye Lwin, Win Tin will remain undefeated.

"Win Tin was a truly an honest man. He courageously stood against injustice. He never gave up or allowed those who incarcerated him to be victorious. He was the undefeated," he said.

Win Tin will be known as a man of extraordinary endurance and integrity, a straightforward speaker, and a true champion of democracy in Burma.

Heat-wave descends on Burma

Posted: 24 Apr 2014 02:58 AM PDT

People should prepare immediately for a heat-wave as potentially record-breaking temperatures look set to envelop many parts of Burma, according to Tun Lwin, the former head of the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.

The ultraviolet (UV) index began spiking above 11 – an "extreme" level – at the beginning of April, but could reach a scorching 15.1 in eastern Burma's Shan and Karenni states in the coming weeks and continue as such until the rains break, he said.

According to recent data, the UV index in Rangoon, Pegu and Tenasserim divisions is 14.1, while it was 14.2 in Irrawaddy Division, 14.6 in Karenni State, and 14.4 in southern and eastern Shan State.

The Ministry of Health has warned that unprotected exposure to UV rays can cause sunstroke and dehydration, while long-term effects include skin cancer, lowered immunity and cataracts.

Meanwhile, residents in Dala Township, which sits across the river from Rangoon port, are facing imminent water shortages due to rising summer temperatures and dried-up reservoirs.

Than Naing from Dala's Yarza Thingyan quarter said that the Maha Thingyan freshwater lake – relied upon for drinking water by his and six other neighbourhoods – has dried up, forcing locals to buy water elsewhere.

Hla Myint, deputy-chairman of the trustees for the Maha Thingyan, said restrictions have been imposed on locals fetching water from the lake.

According to the World Meteorological Organisation, Rangoon residents can expect a maximum temperature of 39°C (102°F) on Friday and Saturday, while those in Mandalay in central Burma should get ready for a sizzling 42°C (108°F).

Reuters sticks to its story in face of Thai navy threats

Posted: 23 Apr 2014 10:59 PM PDT

Reuters has vowed to stand by their Rohingya story which alleges that Thai naval officers were involved in the trafficking of Rohingya boatpeople.

The global news organisation yesterday acknowledged a police complaint was filed by the Royal Thai Navy against the company and two of its journalists.

"We're aware that a captain in the navy has filed a criminal complaint against Reuters and two Reuters journalists, Stuart Grudgings and Jason Szep, arising out of the Rohingya coverage, and that the complaint alleges violations of the Computer Crimes Act," David Crundwell, Reuters' head of corporate affairs, said in an email to the Bangkok Post.

"Based on our understanding, the complaint is under review by the authorities, but we have not been charged. If necessary we will defend our story, along with our right to publish, vigorously," Mr Crundwell said from London.

The navy also filed a complaint against Phuket-based news website Phuketwan and its journalists Alan Morison and Chutima Sidasathien last October for a July 17, 2013 article which quoted the Reuters report.

Third Navy Fleet Commander Vice Admiral Tharathorn Khajitsuwan said the complaint was lodged because it was a matter of national security and the story had damaged the navy’s reputation.

Pol Capt Somkid Pornchan, assigned by the Vichit police station superintendent to investigate the Reuters complaint, said the news organisation complaint was being handled differently from Phuketwan because it is a foreign entity. He said it was a complicated process to send summonses to the two Reuters journalists, who are overseas.

Reuters said it still hoped the navy would reconsider the lawsuit against them in light of a subsequent acknowledgement by Thai officials of the seriousness of the trafficking problem, their efforts to combat it, and Reuters' contribution which led to authorities releasing 900 trafficked refugees being held in Thailand, Mr Crundwell said.

He said Reuters was governed by its trust principles, dedicated to preserving Reuters' independence, integrity and freedom from bias in the gathering and dissemination of information and news. "We stand by the fairness and accuracy of our Rohingya coverage," Mr Crundwell said.

He addressed Phuketwan's criticisms that Reuters did not defend the website after it ran their story. ”The case against Phuketwan arises out of aspects of our story being excerpted by Phuketwan from our original, and fully comprehensive, story. Their story was materially different in content and tone from the Reuters story,” Mr Crundwell said.

 

This article was first published in the Bangkok Post on 24 April 2014.

Local staff at Latpadaung rally for pay hike

Posted: 23 Apr 2014 10:35 PM PDT

Around 250 local staff from the Myanmar Wanbao Mining Copper Ltd staged a rally demanding pay raises on Wednesday in front of the company's office in Sagaing Division's Monywa district.

The Chinese firm, which operates the controversial Latpadaung copper mine in a joint-venture with Burma's military-owned Union of Myanmar Economic Holdings, has hired local villagers, many of whom gave up their farmlands for the project, under a job creation programme recommended by the Latpadaung Investigation Commission headed by opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.

The local workers, who work in a variety of manual positions for Wanbao, demonstrated on 10 and 11 April with official permission from authorities. No arrests or signs of disturbance were reported.

The workers claim they are paid around US$110 per month – less than half the salaries of Wanbao's Chinese staff and Burmese staff who have been recruited from other parts of the country.

Protest leader Phyo Yu Htay said their demand for a pay increase had not been heeded by Wanbao officials during previous rallies.

"We set off to march to the Myanmar Wanbao office around 9am in the morning, to reiterate our demands for better pay and corporate transparency," he told DVB.

Another local staffer, a university graduate, said they were asking for US$240, which is still less than the salaries paid to non-local staff.

"We are not being unfair by demanding for $240 per a month – we deserve the wage," said the worker.

"Other staff at the same level earn that amount – with overtime, some can make around $400 a month. We would like to enjoy the same salary."

The Myanmar Wanbao Mining Copper Limited was unavailable for comment.

The area has seen several rounds of protest over the copper mining project, several of which turned violent and resulted in an investigation led by Suu Kyi. While the investigation concluded that the project was fit to continue, locals have maintained opposition to the development on the grounds that they are losing their lands and suffering mistreatment at the hands of project operators.

Thai navy takes aim at Reuters over Rohingya smuggling report

Posted: 23 Apr 2014 07:53 PM PDT

The two Phuketwan journalists facing a Royal Thai Navy defamation lawsuit over mistreatment of Rohingya suggested the suit be dropped to celebrate World Press Freedom Day on May 3, but the navy rejected that and said it was preparing a second lawsuit against the Reuters news agency.

“This involves national security,” said 3rd Navy Fleet Commander, Vice Adm Tharathorn Khajitsuwan. “We cannot allow anyone to go around freely making false accusations.”

In a telephone conversation with the Bangkok Post, he said the service plans to double down, literally. "Not only do we refuse to withdraw any lawsuit, but we are processing another suit against Reuters as well," he said.

The court should have the final say on the matter, he said in a separate, written response to questions submitted by the Bangkok Post.

Alan Morison, the Australian editor of Phuketwan, said from Phuket that the navy should drop the suit to mark the 30th anniversary of World Press Freedom Day, a United Nations-sponsored event, on May 3.

His colleague at Phuketwan, Chutima Sidasathian, made a similar suggestion at the University of Sydney in Australia on Tuesday. Ms Chutima is also due to speak about the lawsuit and Rohingya plight at the Melbourne Press Club on 29 April.

“Thailand was adrift from the truth, with the Royal Thai Navy seeking to punish two Phuketwan journalists using the much-criticised Computer Crimes Act and criminal defamation,” said Ms Chutima in an email to Bangkok Post before delivering her speech on Rohingya migrants at the International Conference on Thai Studies in Sydney.

Initially, she thought she might not be able to travel to Australia as planned as it took her and her editor Morison five hours at a Phuket remand cell before bail could be finalised on 17 April. That was when the Phuket prosecutor officially filed a suit against them following the 3rd Naval Fleet complaint in October of last year.

The two Phuket-based online journalists face up to seven years in jail for republishing a paragraph from a Reuters special report series on the mistreatment of Rohingya migrants. The report last week won journalism’s highest award, a Pulitzer Prize.

The paragraph in question mentioned suspicion that Thai naval forces and other security forces were involved in human trafficking and smuggling of Rohingya who fled Burma.

In a telephone interview Tuesday, Mr Morison said he was most disappointed that Reuters has not spoken up to defend its paragraph and Phuketwan.

Ms Chutima’s speech in Australia echoed that disappointment. “I call upon my government to celebrate the occasion [World Press Freedom Day], to drop this case, and to prove to everyone that Thailand still believes in truth and freedom.”

A PhD at Nakhon Si Thammarat-based Walailak University, Ms Chutima shared the 2010 Society of Publishers in Asia Excellence in Investigative Reporting and Excellence in Human Rights Reporting awards. In 2009 she shared the Scoop of the Year at the Hong Kong News Awards, and the general news prize at the Human Rights Press Awards in Hong Kong.

Mr Morison said he was glad to see Phuket media show up to lend solidarity to him and Ms Chutima at court last week, and asked to know more about the Rohingya and the court case. He was “disappointed” at total silence from the Thai Journalist Association.

Other regional and international press human rights bodies and the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) have already issued pleas for the lawsuit to be withdrawn.

The silence of both Reuters and the national press body reflected the state of mind of the media operations in Thailand, said Mr Morison.

On Friday, the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) will summon representatives of the Royal Thai Navy and Phuket police to clarify the Phuketwan lawsuit, because the two journalists have claimed violations of media freedom.

The Phuket Court has set 26 May for the initial session to check the list of witnesses and set hearing dates.

 

This article was originally published in the Bangkok Post on 22 April 2014.