Saturday, December 26, 2015

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


Suu Kyi Thanks Trishaw Drivers for Election Support in Rangoon

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 01:18 AM PST

Aung San Suu Kyi addresses trishaw drivers during a meeting in Rangoon on Saturday. (Photo: Myo Min Soe / The Irrawaddy)

Aung San Suu Kyi addresses trishaw drivers during a meeting in Rangoon on Saturday. (Photo: Myo Min Soe / The Irrawaddy)

RANGOON — Top leaders of the National League for Democracy (NLD), including Aung San Suu Kyi, met with around 170 trishaw drivers in Rangoon on Saturday to convey the party's appreciation for their support during the election campaign.

Suu Kyi praised the drivers' spirited backing during the party's ultimately successful election campaign, during which trishaw drivers, many sporting NLD flags or other party paraphernalia, were a ubiquitous presence on the streets of the commercial capital and at various political rallies.

After party patron Tin Oo opened proceedings on Saturday, the NLD chairwoman delivered a 20 minute speech before taking questions and hearing feedback from workers in the three-wheeled profession.

"Good ideas don't only come from experts but also from people working on the ground," Suu Kyi said.

Given the floor, several drivers detailed various difficulties of the vocation, including licensing issues, questions of legality over categories of vehicle, financial, housing and educational issues.

Many drivers also spoke out over the need to form a union to support and defend workers' interests.

Suu Kyi replied that issues of education and housing would need to be addressed nationwide. She said the establishment of a drivers' association should be straightforward and that the licensing issue would be tackled by the relevant authorities next year.

The NLD leader also asked the drivers' opinion on Rangoon's now notorious traffic congestion, to which one worker, Tha Aung, replied: "I would like to say mother Suu, Rangoon has too many cars."

The post Suu Kyi Thanks Trishaw Drivers for Election Support in Rangoon appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Dozens Feared Dead after Another Landslide in Hpakant

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 01:05 AM PST

Trucks are seen at a jade stone mine dump at a Hpakant jade mine in Kachin state, Myanmar November 25, 2015. Using heavy earth-excavators and explosives, miners have been tearing into Myanmar's northern hills in recent months, in a rush to excavate more jade from the world's richest deposits of the gemstone before a new government takes office next year. Picture taken November 25, 2015. REUTERS/Soe Zeya Tun

Trucks are seen at a dump site at a Hpakant mine in Kachin State, November 25, 2015. (Photo: Soe Zeya Tun / Reuters)

Dozens of people were feared dead in Burma after a landslide hit a jade mining region, workers at a local mining firm said, the second such incident in just over a month.

The landslide took place on Friday in Hpakant in the country's northern Kachin State, a rugged region sandwiched between China and India and the heart of Burma's multi-billion dollar jade industry controlled by its powerful military.

"We heard about 50 people were buried in the collapsed dump and four or five bodies were found this morning," Sai Lon, who works at a jade mining company in the area, told Reuters on Saturday.

Police in Hpakant, in Mohnyin district, said the landslide took place on Friday afternoon but that they could not confirm casualties.

"We haven't heard anything from the rescue team yet," said a duty officer at Hpakant Township Police Station who declined to be named.

On Nov. 22, a massive landslide in the same mountainous area in Kachin State killed 114 people. The area produces some of the world's highest-quality jade.

Deaths in Burma's jade mines, where small time prospectors and massive firms vie for the precious stone, underscore the sector's lax safety rules and lack of accountability.

Much of the jade mined in Hpakant is believed to be smuggled to neighboring China, where the green stone is highly prized and is widely believed to bring wealth and longevity.

About 800 jade mining firms operate around the town, but activity is dominated by about 10 firms, mostly Chinese-led ventures, according to the Ministry of Mines.

Miners have been tearing into Burma's northern hills in recent months, in a rush to excavate more jade from the world's richest deposits of the gemstone before a new government, which has promised clean governance, takes office next year.

The rush has led to thousands of ethnic villagers being forced off their land.

The newly elected government of Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy party said last month it plans to tighten control over jade mines.

A US ban on Burmese jade remains in place over concerns that jade mining benefits military figures and fuels corruption and rights abuses, despite Washington easing most of its ban on imports from the country after a quasi-civilian government took power in 2011 following five decades of military dictatorship.

The post Dozens Feared Dead after Another Landslide in Hpakant appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

UN Rights Envoy: ‘When You Gain Power, You Can’t Just Change Things Overnight’

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 08:36 PM PST

UN special rapporteur on human rights in Burma, Yanghee Lee, in Rangoon on Aug. 7, 2015. (Photo: Hein Htet / The Irrawaddy)

UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Burma, Yanghee Lee, in Rangoon on Aug. 7, 2015. (Photo: Hein Htet / The Irrawaddy)

Yanghee Lee, the Special Rapporteur on human rights in Burma, is planning to make her fourth official visit to the country before the term of the outgoing government ends early next year. Lee's last fact-finding mission in August was cut short by five days and access was denied to western Burma's Arakan State—restrictions the South Korean child rights expert described at the time as hindering her ability to fulfill her mandate. With 2015 drawing to a close, The Irrawaddy spoke with Lee about Burma's recent general election, her expectations of a new National League for Democracy-led government and rights issues including ongoing conflict and political prisoners.

Firstly, when is your next official visit to Burma planned and what are your expectations this time around?

I'm planning on going there within the next two months. I would like to go there before the government changes hands, before Thein Sein retires from his office, so that I will be able to reiterate some past issues and past points. Also so that President Thein Sein will still be able to fulfill the promises that he made when he took office in terms of human rights issues… My report to the Human Rights Council is due in March, that's my mandate. I would like to engage again and go to Myanmar and see [the situation] firsthand before I complete my report.

Were you heartened by the conduct of what was broadly regarded as a credible election? And how have you viewed the early stages of the transition process so far?

I really was heartened by the election process. We had many concerns—both the people of Myanmar and the international community did. There definitely were some disappointments and some regrets, but by far it was relatively fair and free, although not in absolute terms. This transition process—it's too early to know, but so far I think it's going OK. However, it took a while for the president and commander-in-chief to finally meet with Daw Suu. I don't know why it took them a few weeks to finally meet.

Aung San Suu Kyi has been clear on her party not seeking retribution for the past. From a human rights perspective, how do you balance political pragmatism with calls for justice and accountability for past abuses?

That's always a very difficult choice. I stick by justice, accountability and truth, but you have to be aware of the 50 years of oppressive dictatorship. To say otherwise, at the very beginning of a transition or right after a landslide election, to emphasize truth and accountability… I don't know how far cooperation would go. Daw Suu has had first-hand experience, being under house arrest for so long… So I think she's trying to be balanced and tread the waters as best she can.

Some have questioned the extent to which the NLD can institute change and reign in abuses given the entrenched position of the military. What are your expectations of an NLD-led government in terms of addressing long-standing human rights concerns? Are you optimistic?

I have to be optimistic and I think this time there's so much focus and attention from the outside world that what happened in 1990 will not happen this time. I would like to emphasize that this is particularly why we need continued international attention on Myanmar because of so much entrenched oppression and violations and also vis-à-vis the ongoing conflict areas. Some people think that now everything will be hunky dory, that we will conduct trade and [build] relations with Myanmar. But we have to remember that the military has a very strong hold on most of the business sector, at least most of the major, noteworthy, big revenue-generating businesses—or their cronies do. So it will be very important for the international community to continue to pay attention and still pressure the military. We are not only dealing with a new government, we are also dealing with the old military stronghold.

How might the way you pursue your mandate change under an NLD-led government?

It will not change at all. The major government interlocutors will change, but the civil society will still be there and my utmost priority, as it always has been, is to be fair and impartial and yet I have to really hone in on my monitoring of human right abuses and violations in all spectrums. It's not just civil and political rights but also economic, social and cultural rights… From the day I took up my mandate, I did not slow down the pace from the previous mandate. I immediately said, I have to call a spade a spade, and I was not welcomed, of course, by the current government… I will still do the same with the new NLD government. It would be naïve for me or anybody to say that now the NLD is in power that all of the human rights violations and abuses will disappear overnight, because they won't.

The new government will start with very good intentions. They were the recipients of decades of oppression. But when you're in politics, when you gain power, you can't just change things overnight. Some things will be prioritized more for various reasons. It will be my job to engage and cooperate with this new government to ensure human rights issues are at the forefront. We all know that economic development will be the top priority in any country when a new government comes in; to make the country rich and the people prosper. That could put human rights issues on the backburner.

You mentioned ongoing conflict, could you comment on the military's recent offensives in central Shan State against the Shan State Army-North and how this reflects on the "nationwide" ceasefire agreement and the political process?

I'm keeping a very close eye on developments in Shan. I'm really concerned on how it's evolving. There are still 3,000 IDPs from the recent conflict and they want to go back to their homes and their livelihoods. And of course Kachin State is another area that I'm keeping my radar on. The political process could be real and I certainly hope [conflict doesn't affect it] because then we're going to go back to day one again after so many years of trying for this national ceasefire agreement. There's still military offensives going on and I've been hearing of looting of villagers [in Shan State] and how the villagers are still terrified of the Burmese army. These sorts of things should not continue.

Ensuring the release of political prisoners will be a key expectation of the new government. Could you explain the steps needed to ensure against politically motivated cases in the future?

I was hoping that before this government leaves, they release the remaining political prisoners. We should push for that—[although] an amnesty means that these people were indeed criminals, but in the first place they should not have been arrested. In the future, in terms of preventing more political prisoners, it has to start with repealing and amending old repressive laws. It's not going to be an overnight process. With oppressive laws like the penal code and sections of the Constitution which are not in line with international standards, it's so easy to have more people arrested on political motivations in the future… As long as the old laws are on the books, it's so easy to use them against people.

Could you comment on the various defamation cases that have recently been brought to trial, such as the case of activist Patrick Khum Jaa Lee?

I think this is the job of the new Parliament, from day one. There's no breaking in period, I think they need to start [immediately] to look at some of the oppressive laws that prohibit or hinder the realization of fundamental rights. I was very troubled by these cases. Social media is a new frontier and I've been concerned how the Myanmar government would handle this; whether they would scrutinize and monitor all social media and invade people's privacy. If more cases pile up, that would be very troubling.

What were your reflections on Burma's Universal Periodic Review held in November in terms of the government's engagement with the process, their report and their response to recommendations?

They were prompt—and of course no country is late—in submitting their report to the UPR cycle. The civil society consultations I don't think were adequate. It was very regrettable that it took place in the wake of the elections, it was terrible timing. What could they say and what could they not say? But I was really disappointed that many of the points they rejected were those core recommendations made by their peer groups. Such as violence and discrimination against ethnic minorities, the citizenship law, Rakhine issues, legislation issues and the recruitment of child soldiers.

The NLD did not field any Muslim candidates in the election and has been accused of failing to speak out for the persecuted Muslim Rohingya minority in Arakan State. Is the party's willingness or ability to tackle anti-Muslim sentiment and discrimination a concern?

That's a very political question and I've been trying to think this through, even months before the election campaign started. I'm trying to see the other side, what kind of logic or reasons they had for not fielding any Muslim candidates. The political sentiment there, the temperature, was escalating. Ma Ba Tha was very strong and the division between religion and the state was [blurred]. Had the NLD fielded any [Muslim] candidates, what might have happened? Why didn't they still go ahead and field some candidates? … It's my role to emphasize to the new government that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international treaties that Myanmar is a party to, mean they have to comply with provisions regarding non-discrimination.

The post UN Rights Envoy: 'When You Gain Power, You Can't Just Change Things Overnight' appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Student Activist Arrested in Mandalay for Mid-Year Graffiti Protest

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 07:21 PM PST

The three released student protesters from Yadanabon University outside Mandalay's Obo Prison on Dec. 22. (Photo: Min Htet Nyein Chan / The Irrawaddy)

The three released student protesters from Yadanabon University outside Mandalay's Obo Prison on Dec. 22. (Photo: Min Htet Nyein Chan / The Irrawaddy)

MANDALAY — A student activist from Mandalay was arrested on Friday for spray-painting anti-government slogans on the grounds of Yadanabon University almost six months ago, the student's friend told The Irrawaddy.

Ye Yint Paing Hmu allegedly took part in spray-painting messages calling on the government to resign and demanding the release of students and their supporters detained during the nationwide demonstrations against the National Education Law earlier this year.

"He called us and said the police are sending him to Obo Prison and we have lost contact since then," said Kaung Zaw Hein, a friend of the accused.

Four students were arrested in July over the protest and found guilty of unlawful assembly and incitement charges. Three of the students were released on Tuesday, while Naing Ye Wai, president of the Yadanabon University Student Union, is serving an additional three months and remains in prison.

On Thursday, the three released students, Aung San Oo, Jit Tu and Nyan Lin Htet, said they had been barred from reenrolling at Yadanabon University.

The post Student Activist Arrested in Mandalay for Mid-Year Graffiti Protest appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

The Irrawaddy Business Roundup (Dec. 26, 2015)

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 07:15 PM PST

Qatari telecommunications firm Ooredoo has announced it will partner with the MySQUAR Burmese language messaging app. (Photo: Soe Zeya Tun / Reuters)

Qatari telecommunications firm Ooredoo has announced it will partner with the MySQUAR Burmese language messaging app. (Photo: Soe Zeya Tun / Reuters)

Mobile Money Transfer Service Awaiting New Central Bank Rules: Report

A new mobile money transfer service is set to launch as soon as Burma's Central Bank issues new regulations, according to a report this week on the website Deal Street Asia.

The service, Wave Money, is a joint venture between leader private telecommunications provider Telenor of Norway and Yoma Bank, one of the biggest financial institutions in the country and part of Burmese tycoon Serge Pun's business empire.

Expectations are high for the beginning of mobile money services in Burma, where until last year mobile phone SIMs were only affordable to a few people. In other countries where few people use formal banking services, mobile money transfer services have been hugely popular for paying for services and transferring money to family members or friends.

Wave Money's website is already live, boasting a service that will enable Telenor users—about 12 million people—to "transfer money anywhere anytime."

"You can transfer money safely through your mobile phone or from one of your trusted neighborhood Wave Shop agents," it says. "Wave Money offers you instant, safe and convenient way of sending and receiving money, bringing financial inclusion to all."

But the launch of the service will depend on Central Bank approval, according to Deal Street Asia. Bank deputy governor Set Aung has said new regulations on mobile money are coming "very soon," according to the website's report.

Deal Street Asia reported that the service has already undergone testing and is ready to be launched.

The report included quotes from Wave Money CEO Brad Jones, who said simple mobile money transfers would be the first service offered "but we do see the potential future services including the airtime top-ups, bill payments, international remittance, salary disbursements."

"By the end of March [2016], we plan to have about 6000 wave agents. That would include Yangon and upper Myanmar," Jones was quoted saying.

Ooredoo Agrees Joint Marketing with Messaging App Firm

London-listed company MySQUAR has entered into an agreement with Ooredoo that will see the Qatari mobile phone provider promote the firm's Burmese-language social messaging application, according to an announcement.

MySQUAR said in a statement on its website that under the "cross-promotion partnership" Ooredoo "will build MySQUAR's flagship product MyCHAT into its marketing strategy, using the app's local strength to promote its own services."

MySQUAR listed on the London Stock Exchange's Alternative Investment Market in July, raising about $2.6 million.

"MySQUAR anticipates greater recognition and faster increases in its user engagement and acquisition, particularly as part of the promotion is that those who are users of MyCHAT and subscribers of Ooredoo at the same time, will be able to use the MyCHAT app free of internet charges, and the MyCHAT app will be downloadable via Ooredoo's portal (zone.ooredoo.com.mm) without internet charges, allowing MyCHAT to engage with a large number users visiting Ooredoo's app store," the statement said.

Thai Firm Hints at Involvement in Industrial Estate for Dawei

Thai industrial estates owner Amata Corporation is looking at developing an industrial estate project inside Burma, according to comments made by a senior official at the group.

Bangkok-based English-language newspaper The Nation reported on Tuesday the comments, which indicate that the firm might get involved in the plans for an industrial development close to the town of Dawei in Tenasserim Division. The long-stalled plan to build a port and special economic zone has been given a boost recently by the involvement of the Japanese government as a source of funding.

Amata runs a major industrial zone at Chonburi, close to Bangkok, as well as an industrial park in nearby Rayong and another in Bien Hoa, Vietnam. The company was founded by Sino-Thai tycoon Vikrom Kromadit and is listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

According to The Nation, the CEO of Amata's Vietnam division, Somhathai Panichewa, said the firm wanted to increase its presence in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region beyond Thailand's borders.

"We are considering developing an industrial-estate project in a small town in Myanmar next to Kanchanaburi, west of Thailand," Somhathai reportedly said. Kanchanaburi province borders on Tenasserim division, where a road is under construction to link Dawei to the Thai border.

"She added that the details of its plan should materialize in April after the political situation in Myanmar is stable," the report said. "If it is feasible, the group will invest via another of its subsidiaries registered in Singapore."

Japanese Firm to Build $15 million Concrete Factory in Rangoon

Japanese industrial conglomerate IHI Corporation is set to build a $15 million concrete factory in Rangoon, according to a report from Nikkei Asian Review.

The company—which makes ships, aircraft and cars, as well as building infrastructure like bridges and power stations—will partner with the Burmese Ministry of Construction for the project, the report said.

"The planned factory is to supply foundation piles for a Japanese-led port development in the Thilawa Special Economic Zone near Yangon," Nikkei Asian Review reported. "Demand is anticipated in other settings as well, including for large buildings developed by the private sector."

The report said IHI will contribute 60 percent of the cost of the project, on which work could begin in January.

"A start to operations is eyed for September or October, said Kyaw Linn, the ministry’s permanent secretary," it said. "The midsize plant will be able to produce 77,000 tons of high-strength precast concrete annually."

Best Western Opens Hotel in Mandalay

US-based firm Best Western Hotels and Resorts has opened a hotel in Mandalay, its third location in Burma after entering the country in 2013.

The company has already opened two hotels in Rangoon, and says it plans to expand further in the country.

International hoteliers have been expanding operations since the country's political and economic reforms began, ushering in an era of higher tourist arrivals. Government officials have said that the country is on track to receive 5 million international visitors in 2015, although that includes business visitors and many day trippers who only visit Burma briefly in excursions across the Thai border.

A press release this month said the "modern midscale hotel" was located in central Mandalay, and includes a spa, swimming pool and a restaurant.

“Best Western was one of the first international hotel groups to enter Myanmar following its re-emergence on the international stage, and I am delighted to be able to leverage our first-mover advantage with yet another superb hotel in the country," Best Western's managing director of international operations for Asia, Olivier Berrivin, was quoted saying in the press release.

"With Myanmar’s recent elections having passed off peacefully and successfully, this charming and alluring country is set for another prolonged period of prosperity," Berrivin added.

The post The Irrawaddy Business Roundup (Dec. 26, 2015) appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Shan Herald Agency for News

Shan Herald Agency for News


To Hopeland and Back: The bare bones for peace talks – Day Five

Posted: 26 Dec 2015 06:52 AM PST

Day Five. Thursday 17 December 2015


Hate cannot drive out hate.
Only love can do that.
(Martin Luther King Jr.)

Today, the UPDJC meets again to discuss the convening of the UPC. Several resolutions are passed without much wrangling.

8EAO representatives with NLD leader Aung San Suu Kyi, 17 December 2015. (Photo:CDES)
They include:

·         The date for the opening of the UPC, which is expected to last 7-9 days, will be 11,12 or 14 of January (the 14this considered astrologically inauspicious)
·         The non-signatories will be invited as "special invitees," and not as "observers"
·         3 secretaries each from the 5 blocs will be chosen for the preparation of the UPC. They will be meet on 5-7 January
·         UPDJC #4 will be held right after, 8-9 January

The meeting adjourns at 11:30. Just before the conclusion, U Aung Min announces that Arakan Army (AA) and Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) will definitely NOT on the invitees list. (On 22 December, the Ta-ang National Liberation Army was also added to the non-invitees list)

After lunch, the participants say good bye to each other and leave, many of them to the airport.

8 of the EAO representatives are then whisked off to meet The Lady. At 14:30, the delegation reports back to the EAOs.

According to them, they had a one-hour audience with her.
·         She considers the approved Framework for Political Dialogue (FPD) acceptable. "She appreciates because it make it easier for the new government to accommodate changes" (Padoh Kwe Htoo Win). "It looks like she's going to recommend changes for sure," says one. "No news for me. The FPD will require some changes by then," says another. "It isn't meant to be a rigid charter in the first place."
·         She also explains why she didn't sign the NCA. Not because she disagrees with it, but because she doesn't want to cause misunderstandings among the signatories and the non-signatories by her signing.
·         She urges the delegation to try to bring around the non-signatories to the signing table, as she will not be in a position to meet them until the power transfer is completed.
"Her immediate concern is the handover of power to her by the present government," one member of the delegation says. "She wants nothing to be in the way of a smooth transfer. That's why she had agreed to the 5-bloc configuration, and that's why she had agreed to the government and parliament blocs being outnumbered by others.

"That is also why she isn't in a hurry to meet the non-signatories. As far as she's concerned, they  ̶  as they are yet to sign the NCA, and their unlawful status yet to be removed  ̶  are still illegal organizations. It is more than likely she isn't eager to have a confrontation with the military as well as the outgoing government."

His comments appear to match what was reported in the Mizzima News a day earlier.

The report starts with an encouraging headline, "NLD will meet with non-signatories after formation of government." But the tone alters when U Win Htein, an NLD top-leader, is quoted. "We shall forge understanding with the non-signatories after they have signed (the NCA). It will be followed by launching political dialogue with them. "He didn't say how soon the NLD government would be able to meet them.

Resolutions of the EAO meeting include allotment of representatives attending the UPC next month:
·         19 representatives for each
·         2 ethnic representatives for each (RCSS, for example, later nominates one Taungyo and one Khamti, as neither is represented in other blocs)
·         2 "other relevant" for each

The invited non-signatories in the meantime are allotted 3-5 each (for combatant EAOs) and 3 each (for non-combatant EAOS, namely, ANC, WNO and LDU). They will also have the right to present their cases. Whether or not their demands will become dialogue topics, on the other hand, is up to the Conference.

It seems the non-signatories' big chance is not waiting for The Lady to hold out her olive branch but to attend the UPC.

Two days later, I'm back in Changmai.

Note: The President announced on 18 December that the UPC will be opened on 12 January 2016.



Friday, December 25, 2015

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


Sexual Assault Victim’s Family Pressured to Drop Charges: Activist

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 02:18 AM PST

Child rights activist Khin Than Htwe (black t-shirt) pictured with a family she is providing support to in Moulmein, Mon State. (Khin Than Htwe / Facebook)

Child rights activist Khin Than Htwe (black t-shirt) pictured with a family she is providing support to in Moulmein, Mon State. (Khin Than Htwe / Facebook)

A child rights activist in Mon State has raised concerns that the family of a sexual assault victim is being intimidated to drop charges.

In mid-July, a three-year-old old girl was allegedly sexually abused by a 70-year-old man in Moulmein, the Mon State capital, with medical records showing that the girl's vagina was internally damaged.

The alleged perpetrator is a neighbor of the victim.

The victim's family filed a complaint to the local court on July 16, but the court released the accused on bail at a hearing two weeks later. Supporters of the victim's family said the latter were being threatened with defamation by the accused for pursuing the case.

No charges have yet been laid, with the court still determining whether to accept a rape charge against the accused.

"At the 17th witness hearing on Dec. 22, the court still didn't decide on what charges the accused sexual abuser would be prosecuted under," said Khin Than Htwe, the chair of a community child rights awareness group, Mon State Women and Children Upgrade Conduct Team, who is supporting the victim's family.

Cases of rape can be brought under Article 376 of Burma's antiquated Penal Code which stipulates punishment of up to 10 years imprisonment.

Khin Than Htwe said she also shared information about the case with Mon State parliamentarians on Thursday, as there were reports the presiding judge may be moved to another town. The next witness hearing is due on January 5, 2016.

"There are some cases in Mon State that were not continued when the judge of the respective court moved to another town," said Khin Than Htwe, who has over one year's experience working to promote child rights awareness.

"Therefore, we must take on the case seriously as the girl was under 4 years old when it happened… and she is still in pain five months later."

The community worker said every month her group provided support for around 40 cases related to sexual abuse, rape and violence against women across four Mon State townships: Moulmein, Kyaikmaraw, Chaungzon and Mudon.

Around half are sexual abuse and rape cases related to young girls, often involving neighbors or family members, Khin Than Htwe said.

The post Sexual Assault Victim's Family Pressured to Drop Charges: Activist appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Hundreds Protest Outside Thai Embassy over Koh Tao Verdict

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 12:38 AM PST

Click to view slideshow.

RANGOON — Hundreds of people gathered outside the Thai Embassy in Rangoon on Friday to protest the sentencing of two Burmese migrant workers to death for the 2014 murder of two British backpackers on a Thai resort island.

On Thursday, Koh Samui court found Zaw Lin and Wai Phyo guilty of the murder of David Miller and the rape and murder of Hannah Witheridge on Koh Tao in September last year, a verdict defense lawyers have vowed to appeal.

The handling of the high-profile case by Thai police has drawn significant controversy, with the accused pair alleging they were tortured into a confession and the defense team contending key evidence was mishandled.

Protesters, including Buddhist monks, congregated outside the Thai Embassy in Rangoon from around 10.30 am, with numbers swelling over the next few hours.

Police erected barbed wire barricades on Thursday ahead of a smaller demonstration and on Friday, the road in front of the embassy was blocked where protesters gathered with placards and chants demanding justice.

One protester told security police, "Let us get in front of the embassy. We will not do anything bad. We just want to kneel down and ask the Thai king to release our men."

When police held firm, the man said, "Why are you guys blocking us? Why don't you care about your citizens?"

Many protesters held hand-made signs saying "Release Zaw Lin and Wai Phyo." Others held up pictures of the two migrants and at least one demonstrator held aloft a photo of the Thai King and Queen.

Some protesters cited the centuries-long history of bad blood between the two neighboring territories.

"Thailand did bad things to our citizens for a long time," said Than Htike, a taxi driver who chaperoned protesters at a discounted rate to the embassy on Friday, which was officially closed for the Christmas holiday.

"Our citizens try to avoid having problems with the Thais… But our country has a better political situation now and we can fight for our rights this time. Thailand needs to understand this."

The two accused migrants are both Arakanese and many ethnic Arakanese joined the protest on Friday. One protester was overheard expressing concern that what he thought would be a demonstration to request justice from the Thai king would devolve into jingoistic rhetoric.

"I was worried this protest would turn into a nationalist protest and only focus on nationalism," the young man told his friend on the fringes of the demonstration. "We came here just to ask for justice, not for nationalist issues."

The Thai Embassy had earlier issued a warning letter to Thai citizens after many Burmese took to social media to express their outrage at Thursday's verdict.

"For your safety, we urge all to be extremely vigilant and to avoid identifying yourselves as Thai nationals if not necessary," the statement read, according to a translation by Thai newspaper The Nation.

On Thursday afternoon, a Thai official emerged to greet protesting monks.

Prominent Buddhist monk Rakha Wontha said a small group was granted a one-hour meeting with Thai officials in the embassy on Thursday, where they submitted a letter calling for a review of the "unjust judgment."

Rights Groups, Officials Respond

Following the court ruling on Thursday, international rights watchdog Amnesty International issued a statement calling on Thai authorities to investigate allegations the defendants were tortured by Thai police during their interrogation.

"Thai authorities must ensure that any alleged confession or other statement obtained as a result of torture is not admitted as evidence in court in any retrial of the case, unless against those accused of torture to prove that the statement has been taken," said Champa Patel, Amnesty International Director for Southeast Asia and the Pacific, in the statement.

British labor rights activist Andy Hall, who has been working with the defense team, counseled for calm in a Facebook post on Friday.

"I believe it's really important all our attention and energy is focused not on protests against Thailand/Thai people and/or emotional anger at the verdict," Hall wrote.

"But instead all our energy should be used in supporting the legal defense team to launch a credible and effective appeal to the Appeals Court and then even perhaps contesting a Supreme Court appeal in this case."

Zaw Lin and Wai Phyo were charged for seven crimes including theft, illegal entry into Thailand, murder and rape.

Burmese officials also took to social media following the verdict vowing ongoing support for the accused.

"There is a lot of work to do. It is not yet finished. We will keep supporting the Burmese Embassy and cooperate with Burmese rights groups and legal organizations," President's Office director Zaw Htay wrote on Facebook.

Information Minister and presidential spokesperson Ye Htut posted that the government would support the migrants' appeals process.

"We hope that we can review evidence and show proof that the two accused are not guilty," he wrote on his Facebook account.

Saw Yan Naing reported from Chiang Mai, Thailand

The post Hundreds Protest Outside Thai Embassy over Koh Tao Verdict appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Koh Tao Defense Lawyer: ‘It is a Saddening Verdict’

Posted: 24 Dec 2015 07:45 PM PST

Aung Myo Thant, a Burmese lawyer who was has been working with the defense team on the Koh Tao murder case. (Photo: The Irrawaddy)

Aung Myo Thant, a Burmese lawyer who has been working with the defense team on the Koh Tao murder case. (Photo: The Irrawaddy)

RANGOON — A Koh Samui Court on Thursday sentenced two Burmese migrants, Zaw Lin and Wai Phyo, to death over the killing of two British backpackers on a Thai resort island in September last year. The handling of the high-profile case by Thai police had attracted significant scrutiny amid allegations that the Burmese pair were tortured into a confession and that key evidence was mishandled. Aung Myo Thant, a Burmese lawyer who has been acting for the defendants, spoke with The Irrawaddy's Kyaw Kha on Thursday after the verdict.

Burmese migrants Wai Phyo and Zaw Lin were given the death penalty on Thursday. Legal experts have said the case was flawed. What's your view?

The court gave them separate penalties for seven charges. The maximum penalty for illegally entering Thailand is six months' imprisonment and the two were given the maximum penalty—six months. Again, the maximum penalty for illegally living in Thailand is also six months' imprisonment and they were given the maximum penalty for this charge too. I can't understand why. I was told while I was acting for them that we would not win the case because Koh Samui, Koh Pha Ngan and Koh Tao islands are mafia islands, but at that time I didn't take it seriously. I can't understand why they were given maximum penalties.

The Thai Lawyers' Council and the Thai Human Rights Commission have helped the two Burmese migrants together with your team. What did they say about the death sentence and what will the Burmese authorities do?

We've reported it to the Burmese Ambassador to Thailand. We will appeal to Thailand's Appeals Court in Bangkok. The Thai Lawyers' Council has the same idea. We have copied the [court] order and we'll write an appeal based on the court order and dossier and submit it to the Bangkok Appeals Court.

What can you expect from doing so?

If the appeal is granted, the penalty will not be more than ten years. I am 80 percent sure of this.

Are you disappointed that they were given the death penalty though they seemed to have had a good chance of acquittal?

I have no comment about the jurisdiction. But it saddens me… It is a saddening verdict.

Though the Burmese government was helping the pair, they were given the maximum penalty even for lesser offences. Doesn't this mean no regard was paid to the Burmese government?

I have no comment about the jurisdiction of Thailand. After the two were sentenced despite the Burmese government's special attention to the case, I think it would be better if the Burmese government could better assist Burmese migrant workers in Thailand. Because I have almost never seen the accused given the death penalty when there were no eyewitnesses.

There are many cases of Burmese migrant workers being wrongly accused in Thailand. So, will the death penalty heighten the concerns of Burmese migrant workers?

I see that much needs to be done for Burmese migrant workers to receive fair hearings.

The post Koh Tao Defense Lawyer: 'It is a Saddening Verdict' appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

NLD Lawmaker: ‘They Are Now Operating the Jade Mines Around the Clock’

Posted: 24 Dec 2015 07:00 PM PST

An area of jade mining in Hpakant in Kachin State. (Photo: Swe Win / Myanmar Now)

An area of jade mining in Hpakant in Kachin State. (Photo: Swe Win / Myanmar Now)

During the Nov. 8 elections, Khin Maung Myint, 65, won an upper house parliament seat for the National League for Democracy in Kachin State's Hpakant District, an area that has long been famous for its jade mines. The newly elected MP spoke with Myanmar Now about the industry's heavy social and environmental impacts, and how these should be addressed.

The jade trade is highly profitable but who controls it has been shrouded in secrecy, while most raw jade flows across Burma's northern border, untaxed, to China. In November, an investigation by international resource exploitation watchdog Global Witness revealed the trade could be worth as much as US$31 billion per year. The family of former military supremo Than Shwe was said to have a large stake in the trade, along with members of the old army elite and an ethnic Wa drug lord.

Well-connected companies hold mining concessions, while thousands of small-scale, individual miners scour the edges of the mines in search of gems. This unregulated mining is dangerous; in November, more than 100 miners were killed when a huge waste heap caused a landslide. The rapacious operations have left Kachin State's environment deeply scared.

Some reports say there has been a sharp increase in mining activity after the opposition's election victory on Nov. 8. Are companies speeding up mining?

Yes, many heavy machinery vehicles have been coming into Hpakant since the start of this month [December]. The companies are getting worried that the new government may restrict the jade mining. So they are now operating at the jade mines in Hpakant around the clock.

Particularly, the companies related to the Wa ethnic group, such as Ever Winner, Myanma Tagaung, 111, Yarza Htarni and so on. There are also other companies owned by former Kachin rebel groups that signed ceasefire agreements with the government and transformed into border guard forces [under army control]. They have dramatically stepped up the mining work in Hpakant.

There are also reports that some locals in Hpakant are trying to block these activities. What are they concerned about?

You have rules and regulations to follow when you apply for a jade mining license. For example, you cannot transfer your mining area to someone else. You also have to make sure that the mining work is carried out without causing much damage to the environment. But these rules are not enforced at all on the ground. The companies are dumping waste on the banks of the Uru River. That's why the river is blocked during the rainy season and this causes flooding of riverside vegetable plantations of the locals.

Now, the companies are working around the clock, using heavy vehicles such as dump trucks, backhoes and excavators that are two or three stories high with a capacity to destroy mountains within a matter of days. The mining activities also leave behind huge craters, as big as 40 to 50 acres wide. So these craters become lakes during the rainy season. They can be very dangerous for the locals because these craters tend to break open under the pressure of water and cause flash floods.

The Global Witness report estimated the value of jade production last year alone exceeded $30 billion, but it is only hundreds of millions of dollars, according to official data. What does this tell us about jade smuggling?

Jade smuggling is an open secret. Companies bribe military officers in charge of border checkpoints in areas of Kachin State, such as Kampaiti and Nam Sanyam, and have been openly smuggling jade to China.

Most of the best jade stones are smuggled out to China, while only a few of them go to the jade emporium in Naypyidaw. This would be very clear if you visit Chinese cities such as Guangzhou [where jade is traded].

To what extent are Chinese businessmen involved in the jade mining? Government records indicate there is no foreign involvement in mining in Hpakant.

No foreigners are directly involved in the industry on the ground, but there is a lot of foreign investment from China. The family members of high-ranking Chinese government officials are shareholders in companies such as Ever Winner and other companies related to the Wa ethnic group. There are some others also who are investing in the industry to launder the black money gained from the drug trafficking.

Hundreds of small miners have been killed in landslides in Hpakant over the years. Why do these accidents continue to happen?

We are seeing excessive use of heavy machinery at the jade mines. Small-time jade stone pickers sometimes are not aware that vehicles are nearing when they are competing with each other to get jade stone. That's when they are run over by the heavy trucks. Some of these people are high on drugs and mindlessly wandering at the jade mines.

The drivers of heavy machinery cannot properly check whether there are people near them or not, because these vehicles are 25 feet long. The diameter of a wheel of a heavy machinery vehicle can be about eight feet high. So if a man was run over, his body will be completely flattened.

You are a native of Hpakant. How much has the town and its surroundings changed because of mining in past decades?

Jades were manually extracted about 25 years ago. There was no heavy machinery at that time. We could drink the water of Uru River that flows through Hpakant. We could use its water to cook rice. We could also get vegetables that naturally grew there. But now forests have completely been destroyed, so much so that we cannot get firewood anymore. So many natural mountains have been wiped out, in their places sprang up piles of dumped waste from the mining areas that are as high as mountains.

Some jade companies such as the Yadana Taung Tann Company owned by Tun Myint Naing [aka Steven Law, owner of Asia World], the son of the late drug lord Lo Hsing-Han, dynamited the mountains at their jade mining sites. These giant mountains would explode and collapse like the World Trade Centre during the 9/11 attack, sending off storms of dust. Mountains as high as 500 or 1,000 feet were obliterated in a matter of days.

In violation of the license rules, the companies dumped the soil near the Uru River. This soil later flowed into the Chindwin River, causing high sandbanks there during the rainy season. Given the negative environmental consequences the jade mining has caused, we think it's time to stop this industry.

Since you were recently elected as an MP for Hpakant, what laws will you propose to the parliament to address jade mining issues?

Transparency is the most crucial issue. We would need to find out if the money invested in the industry is coming from the drug trade, and if companies are following the rules and regulations of their mining licenses. With all these data compiled, we could regulate the industry.

If we found that the industry should be shut down, then we would have to shut it down. Actually, many countries do not have this resource, jade. So we can sell it any time we want. Since we are now producing and selling it like vegetables, we don't get a proper price.

This interview first appeared on Myanmar Now.

The post NLD Lawmaker: 'They Are Now Operating the Jade Mines Around the Clock' appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Activists Call For Witness Protection as Major Thai Human Trafficking Trial Begins

Posted: 24 Dec 2015 05:43 PM PST

Human trafficking suspects arrive at the criminal court in Bangkok, Thailand, November 10, 2015. Eighty-eight human trafficking suspects arrested as part of a crackdown on Thailand's lucrative smuggling and trafficking syndicates were brought before a Bangkok court on Tuesday to start examination of evidence and witnesses ahead of a trial. REUTERS/Athit Perawongmetha

Human trafficking suspects arrive at the criminal court in Bangkok, Thailand, November 10, 2015. (Photo: Athit Perawongmetha / Reuters)

BANGKOK — Thai authorities must step up witness protection for a major human trafficking trial with the accused including an army general and one investigator fleeing the country fearing for his life, activists said on Thursday as the first witnesses gave evidence.

The case includes 88 defendants allegedly involved with lucrative smuggling gangs that were trafficking Rohingya Muslims fleeing persecution in Burma, holding them for ransom in jungle camps before granting onward passage to Malaysia.

The investigation and arrests followed the grisly discovery in May of 30 bodies in a mass grave near a human trafficking camp close to the Thailand-Malaysia border.

Of 500 witnesses scheduled to testify, only 12 are receiving protection, while two have gone into hiding because of threats and others may follow suit, said Fortify Rights, a non-governmental organization advocacy group.

"Witnesses are key to ensuring justice is served in this case. Their security should be the utmost concern to the Thai authorities," Fortify Rights Executive Director Amy Smith said in a statement.

Prayuth Porsuttayaruk, deputy director-general of the human trafficking office in the Attorney-General's Office, refuted the Fortify Rights' number of protected witnesses.

"I don't know where they got their numbers from. Eighty of the witnesses are victims, and they are foreigners, and they are under the protection of the Ministry of Social Development and Human Security," Prayuth told Reuters by telephone.

He added that more than 200 witnesses are police officers, and the rest are investigators, bank office workers and "Thai people who do not need the protection programme."

One Rohingya man, a longtime legal resident of Thailand, went into hiding after receiving threats, while Police Major General Praween Pongsirin, chief investigator on the case, went into exile and is seeking asylum in Australia.

"The fact that the top policeman investigating these cases fled Thailand because of a lack of protection afforded to him and his family shows just how poor government protection schemes have been," said Phil Robertson, deputy director for Human Rights Watch's Asia division.

Two prison buses brought the defendants to court on Thursday, including the army general and a suspected kingpin.

The defendants crowded into a seventh floor courtroom and heard testimony from two Bangladeshis who were held for two years in a trafficking camp in Songkhla, near the Malaysia border, said Prayuth of the attorney-general's office.

The court allowed journalists to observe the proceedings by video but barred them from reporting the witness testimony to prevent other witnesses from being influenced.

Committed to Crackdown or Not?

A court official said last month that hearing testimony from the 500 witnesses could take up to two years.

Thailand has come under fire in recent years for the trafficking of migrants, many of them Rohingya Muslims from eastern Myanmar and Bangladesh facing religious and ethnic persecution. Some migrants faced torture and starvation in the jungle camps.

The country's reputation further suffered after reports of labor violations and slave labor in its huge seafood industry.

Despite the current crackdown and trial, the United States' annual Trafficking in Persons report kept Thailand for a second year on Tier 3—the lowest tier—for failing to comply with the minimum US standards for the elimination of trafficking.

"The Thai government needs to show its sincerity about prosecuting traffickers by seriously stepping up efforts to protect witnesses who will point fingers at the corrupt officials and Rohingya trafficking gangs," said Robertson.

The post Activists Call For Witness Protection as Major Thai Human Trafficking Trial Begins appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Japan Cabinet OKs Record Defense Budget Amid China Concern

Posted: 24 Dec 2015 05:23 PM PST

From left, Indonesia's Defense Minister Ryamizard Ryacudu, Indonesia Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister Gen Nakatani attend a meeting at prime minister's official residence in Tokyo, Friday, December 18, 2015. REUTERS/Eugene Hoshiko/Pool

From left, Indonesia’s Defense Minister Ryamizard Ryacudu, Indonesia Minister of Foreign Affairs Retno Marsudi, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, Japanese Foreign Minister Fumio Kishida and Defense Minister Gen Nakatani attend a meeting at the prime minister’s official residence in Tokyo, Friday, December 18, 2015. (Photo: Eugene Hoshiko / Reuters)

TOKYO — Japan's Cabinet approved a record-high military spending plan Thursday, endorsing proposals to purchase pricey U.S. surveillance drones and F-35 fighter jets as Tokyo steps up cooperation with Washington amid China's increasingly assertive activity in regional seas.

The 5.1 trillion yen ($42.1 billion) proposal is part of a 96.7 trillion yen ($800 billion) national budget plan for the year beginning April 2016, also an all-time high. The entire package requires parliamentary approval.

Military spending would rise 1.5 percent from this year, the fourth annual increase under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, who ended a decade of defense budget cuts.

The defense budget is the first since Japan enacted new security legislation in September enhancing the country's military role and since Japan revised its bilateral defense guidelines with the US earlier in the year to allow broader cooperation between the two allies.

The new security law divided Japanese public opinion, with opponents saying it would increase the possibility of Japan becoming embroiled in a US-led war.

Japan is bolstering defense of its southern islands, where it has a territorial dispute with China. The budget plan also includes the purchase of an advanced Aegis radar-equipped destroyer with missile defense capability, submarine construction and sonar development.

In Beijing, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei urged Japan to "draw lessons from history, adhere to the path of peaceful development, and play a constructive role in safeguarding regional peace and stability." He said Chinese defense policy is "defensive in nature," and its military spending is kept at "a reasonable level."

Japan's Defense Ministry plans to spend 14.8 billion yen ($118 million) next year for part of a multibillion-dollar, multi-year purchase of three "Global Hawk" unmanned drones, as well as 138 billion yen ($1.1 billion) for six F-35 fighter jets and 23 billion yen ($190 million) for a Boeing KC-46A midair refueling aircraft.

"We believe the budget includes items that would contribute to enhancing Japan-US cooperation in the area of ISR (information, surveillance and reconnaissance)," Defense Ministry official Tomoki Matsuo said.

Japan also pays 193 billion yen ($1.6 billion) a year for about 50,000 American troops stationed in Japan under a bilateral security treaty, more than half of them on Okinawa—a major source of friction between the central government and residents of the southern island frustrated with the decades-long burden.

The cost of moving some of them to Guam and a contentious plan to move a US Marine air base from the crowded Futenma area to a less-populated part of Okinawa was also added to the budget.

Japan is constructing a Soryu-class submarine, among the world's largest, and developing a new sonar system. It is competing against Germany and France to jointly develop Australia's next-generation submarine fleet.

In a bid to step up its island defense, Japan is also purchasing 17 SH-60K helicopters and 36 combat tanks as well as amphibious vehicles.

The post Japan Cabinet OKs Record Defense Budget Amid China Concern appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Shan Herald Agency for News

Shan Herald Agency for News


IDP hangs himself in Mong Hsu Township camp

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 01:07 AM PST

An internally displaced man in Hai Pa IDP camp hanged himself on Saturday, according to a local aid worker in Mong Hsu Township.


Aik Nub, also known as Yi Mon, was 48 years old and came from Koong Nim village. He was found dead at about 12 p.m. on December 19 on a tree in the camp compound.

"He looked depressed every day…Aik Nub was stressed because he had to flee from his home and was unable to go back," said Nang Jing, an assistant to the IDPs in Mong Hsu and one of the local witnesses who discovered Aik Nub's body. "He didn't have job and couldn't feed his family."

She speculated that this situation could have contributed to his suicide. 

"He has one son and now his wife is also pregnant," Nang Jing added.

An ethnic Ta'ang (Palaung), Aik Nub was one of 10,000 people who fled their homes during the conflict between the government military and the Shan State Progress Party/Shan State Army-North (SSPP/SSA-N), which began on October 6.

On December 15, SHAN reported that some of villagers from Koong Nim village returned to their homes on December 13, where they were forced by the Burma Army to go back to IDP camps in Hai Pa village.

On Wednesday, a coalition of Shan community-based organizations (CBOs) released a statement demanding the Burma government withdraw their troops and allow over 3,000 displaced civilians in central Shan State to return to their villages.

BY SAI AW / Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N)


To Hopeland and Back: The bare bones for peace talks—Day 4

Posted: 25 Dec 2015 12:49 AM PST

Day Four: Wednesday, December 16, 2015

All wars represent a failure of diplomacy.

Tony Benn

The third Joint Implementation Coordinating Meeting (JICM) begins earlier than usual at 8:00 a.m. instead of 9:00 a.m. as some of the ministers are needed at a ministerial level meeting later in the day.

Leaders of political parties, government and EAOs present the approved Framework for Political Dialogue to the President on December 16. (Photo: Myanmar President's Office)

The main purpose of the day is to approve or dismiss the final draft of the Framework for Political Dialogue (FPD) submitted by the UPDJC. It is of course approved with a few recommendations from the JICM participants, made up of eight from each side.

One thing memorable from the JICM is the speech made by U Aung Min in which he talks about the NCA which was passed by the Union Legislature on December 8. He tells us how he and U Thein Zaw had spent ten days lobbying the lawmakers.

Concerning the NCA being a law, he puts it this way:
"There are three degrees of law: The first degree law requires more than 75 percent of votes and a referendum to amend it. The second degree law requires more than 75 percent of votes but not a referendum to amend it. The third degree law on the other hand requires only a simple majority to amend it. The NCA is a third degree law."

Listening to him, one may be persuaded to start worrying about the feebleness of the NCA. But there is no question from anybody.
Some of the participants also want to discuss the deterioration of the Tripartite Dialogue into a Pentapartite Dialogue. But others advise to leave it until the fourth JICM.

Closing speeches are then delivered. When his turn comes, U Aung Min says, "We have so far made the impossible possible. We have also managed to break several deadlocks despite a lot of stresses while undergoing them. For myself, there is only one more thing left to do: the first Union Peace Conference."

What's next for him, afterward? He says nothing about it. But friends hope that having started on the long road to peace, he should want to come to the end of it.

The ceremony held at the MICC II to present the FPD to the President lasts 20 minutes, 14:00 – 14:20. There is not much to report except the announcement made by him that the UPC will be convened in January as is required by the terms of the NCA.

The rest of the day is spent talking to friends and comparing notes with them.

Then back to the Shan Legends (not Shan Folk Tales, apologies). Do you know that Shans also have their own Robin Hood—two  of them, in fact—who steals from the rich and give it to the poor?

By SAI KHUENSAI / Director of Pyidaungsu Institute and Founder of Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N)

All views expressed are the author's own.


To Hopeland and Back: The bare bones for peace talks—Day 3

Posted: 24 Dec 2015 11:14 PM PST

Day 3: Tuesday, December 15, 2015

UPDJC meeting. Photo: Nyo Ohn Myint / Facebook

In war, we join hands with friends to fight against enemies
In peace, we join hands with friends to talk with friends

Anonymous

Yesterday's UPDJC session found the NLD siding with the military's call for a bloc separate from the soon-to-be NLD-dominated government and parliament, against its own former demand for a tripartite arrangement, which would have appeared as follows:

·        Government, Parliament and the Tatmadaw together forming a bloc
·        The eight EAOs forming another group
·        The political parties in yet another bloc

One EAO representative is still teeming with what he regards as its backtracking.

"I recall the agreement made between the ruling party AFPFL (Anti-Fascist  People's Freedom League) and the SPFL (Shan State People's Freedom League) before Independence," he said at the meeting. "It was that the two would work together to overthrow feudalism in Shan State. However, the AFPFL government went back on its own pledge, and instead joined hands with the Shan State's ruling princes to suppress the SPFL. I hope we won't have to worry about the NLD and the military working together to crush the EAOs."

What in heaven? I ask myself.  On the one hand, the military thinks the eight EAOs are working with the NLD against it. But on the other hand, the eight EAOs think it's the other way round.

The EAOs then present their counter proposal on the composition:

Government                   75                representatives
Parliament            75                representatives
Military                150              representatives    
EAOs                             150              representatives    
Political parties    150              representatives


The military representatives are quick to object it. "It won't look good for the military to have more representatives than either the government or the parliament," one says.

I won't go into details, but by lunch break the two sides are at loggerheads over the question. It looks like the Union Peace Conference (UPC) in January—while so near—is still out of reach.

At 13:00, when the meeting resumes, U Nyan Win, the NLD's chief delegate, requests that he be allowed to speak first. The emcee responds he goes ahead. He then breaks the suspense by saying, "In order that the peace process may proceed smoothly, the NLD has decided to withdraw its opposition to the EAOs' proposal. On the contrary, I wish to announce that it is accepted."

The rest of the day is like a walk in the park after this.  Two more significant resolutions are passed:

16 December 2015         JICM in the morning to approve the FPD. Formal presentation of the FPD to the president in the afternoon

17 December 2015                   The UPDJC meets again to plan for the UPC


The EAOs then meet again in the evening to review the day's work. Some are worried that the Tripartite Dialogue design, which the UN has adopted since 1994, is going down the drain and with it the non-Burmans' chance of winning their full rights. However, others say three-way or five-way, not to lose sight of the goal for federal democracy.

But Tripartite Dialogue and Federal Democracy both have long been deemed interrelated.

Are they?

Or are they not?            

By SAI KHUENSAI / Director of Pyidaungsu Institute and Founder of Shan Herald Agency for News (S.H.A.N)


All views expressed are the author's own.