Tuesday, September 26, 2017

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


Hindu Refugee Shares Eyewitness Account of Maungdaw Violence

Posted: 26 Sep 2017 09:07 AM PDT

YANGON – Rica, a 25-year-old Hindu woman from Kha Maung Seik village tract in northern Rakhine State, told The Irrawaddy on Monday that she had escaped abduction by militants from the Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) and recounted her experience from Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh, where she has sought safety.

From Yangon, this reporter spoke to Rica on the phone in Bangladesh about her ordeal, which began on Aug. 25, but the details of which remain unable to be independently verified, because access for journalists to the region has been severely restricted. On that day, ARSA militants conducted coordinated attacks on 30 border police outposts, and, she claims, raided several Hindu villages. Armed with swords and guns, Rica estimates that they captured around 100 non-Muslims in Maungdaw Township's Kha Maung Seik. The victims, bound and blindfolded, were marched to a forest near the village of Yebaw Kya, before being executed, she said.

"My husband knelt to the ground and a man chopped his neck with a machete right in front
of us," she said. "Other women's husbands were also executed in the same way and buried there."

Before they killed the men, Rica said that the militants accused the Hindus of being "the same as" the Arakanese. She said that they brought up issues of citizenship, pointing out how the self-identifying Rohingya Muslims had been made stateless, but that Hindus and Buddhists were able to obtain identification documents.

Rica said she was among eight women who were spared, but whose ID cards were burned, and who were selected to convert to Islam, prepare for marriage, and travel to Bangladesh. As the mother of young children, she explained that she cooperated so as to protect them.

On the way, she said that she stayed in the forest with the militants, as well as in the abandoned village of Bawtala, and that she was forced to pray with them.

Rica said that when government troops were spotted, ARSA members torched their hideout and that she had witnessed them looting from the bodies of the deceased.

Once they crossed the border to Bangladesh on Aug. 28 or 29—she does not remember the exact day—Rica said that Bangladeshi authorities separated them from the men who had taken them. Soon after their arrival, other displaced Hindus noticed a bindi on her forehead and recognized her clothes, and managed to bring Rica and the other women to where they were staying.

There are some 400 Hindus sheltering across the border in Bangladesh. They join around 480,000 self-identifying Rohingya Muslims, who have fled clearance operations by the Myanmar Army which immediately followed the ARSA attacks.

In the days that followed, the eight women contacted their relatives by borrowing phones and told their stories. At that time, Maungdaw district administrative official U Ye Htut told this reporter—during a government-organized tour of the area—that he and other border police officers were not able to immediately verify any allegations of of mass killings, saying that searching for bodies in the Kha Maung Seik area was still unsafe.

But over the weekend, Hindu community leader U Ni Mal, assisted by other locals, unearthed some 45 bodies, which the government has claimed belong to some of the missing Hindu villagers.

On Tuesday, U Maung Ba, a teacher within the Hindu community who is in Kha Maung Seik village tract, told The Irrawaddy that they had not uncovered any new burial sites near Yebaw Kya village, and were still trying to contact the escaped Hindu women now in Bangladesh.

Rica said, "I can show them every single burial site there [in Kha Maung Seik] when I come back to my area."

Meanwhile, Rica explained that she and the other women have been awaiting contact from the Myanmar government since arriving in Bangladesh. She said that as she was not educated, she was not familiar with what an embassy was or how to reach out to Myanmar's embassy in Bangladesh.

"As far as I know, Myanmar government officials did not come to meet us here," she said.

The Irrawaddy phoned the President's Office spokesman U Zaw Htay on Monday, but he declined to comment and directed questions to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The ministry's permanent secretary U Kyaw Zeya said that he was trying to speak with Myanmar's envoy to Bangladesh.

"At this time, it is too early to reveal our plan. We are aware of their safety concerns," he said, referring to the women. "Understand the situation, please, as we are now talking about safety measures for them."

Rica remains focused on returning home to Maungdaw, and said she is anxious for the day when she expects the Myanmar authorities will take her back to Rakhine State, and out of the camp.

"If possible, I want to go back home right now. Help us, please," she said.

The post Hindu Refugee Shares Eyewitness Account of Maungdaw Violence appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

A Cat’s World

Posted: 26 Sep 2017 08:02 AM PDT

YANGON — A woman shares her table with a cat that stares at her french fries. A couple takes a selfie with a kitten that wears its gray stripes beautifully. While some cats roam freely about the space, others lounge in the windows. The place is full of cat shelves and playhouses. It is a cats' world, and humans pay to visit.

Yangon opened its first cat café in June, offering residents the chance to cozy up to some furry friends while enjoying a cup of coffee, and joining a global trend. As a country, Myanmar opened up after 2012, and it not only began attracting investments, but also Asian trends – like the cat café.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

The first cat café is believed to have opened in Taiwan in 1998, and then spread to Japan where a café opened in Osaka in 2004.  Now there are dozens in Tokyo, according to Japan's Nikkei Trendy newspaper.

Even though Yangon has not yet reached Japan's levels of stressful and sometimes lonely urban life, Myanmar's cat lovers have lined up for cuddles and coffee.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

The owner of Freedom Cafe, Ma Pearl, repatriated to Myanmar in 2014 and brought back the concept of the cat café, an idea that she became familiar with after living in Thailand for 20 years, she told The Irrawaddy.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

There are 25 quarantined cats and more than 10 different feline breeds at Freedom Café, including Persian, Chinchilla, Scottish Fold, Maine Coon and Exotic. All of the cats, along with their pedigree papers, were brought from Russia via Thailand, Ma Pearl said.

Having owned 10 cats when she was a child, the 30-year-old Ma Pearl says she can decode cats' behaviors and understand their attitudes. To this end, she explains that she signed up for memberships at pet care and health associations in Thailand in order to study animal behavior.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

After coming back to Myanmar, she wanted to bring something new to the country and teamed up with her older sister who had already planned to open an extended café on the second floor of her old location, Ma Pearl said of how the idea began.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

"When I researched the pet market in Myanmar, the only exotic feline species that most people knew was Persian," she recalled. "They could not distinguish different kinds of cat species," she added.

"One of the reasons why I opened this cat café is that I want people here to understand more about cat species and interact with them," she said. "Seeing them on the Internet is not the same as being able touch them in person."

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

"Cats are clean, independent, easy to tame and most importantly, they don't fake it. It's difficult to get their affection and love. You have to earn it," she explained why she prefers cats to dogs.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

Ma Pearl has multiple employees supervising and assisting customers so that both the customers and cats are stress-free, she said.

"Some customers who come here have their targeted cat. They come specifically to pet their favorite cat," she said.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

Visitors pay 5,000 kyats to visit the café and they can buy treats for their "purrfect" and "fluffy" friends.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

Arkar, who recently visited the café, said that he had to compete with other visitors for the cats' attention and that he would like to visit at a less crowded time next time. He also suggested that the café expand the space and increase the number of cats.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

"I just love cats. I’d adopt one but I don’t have enough time to take care of them. A cat café is the perfect solution," Arkar told The Irrawaddy.

Ma Pearl said she has arranged to house more cats in the café and is planning to open another one close to the downtown area as the current one is in Sanchaung Township—approximately one hour from the heart of the city in heavy traffic.

(Photo: Tin Htet Paing / The Irrawaddy)

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Nationalists Urge Citizens to Support Govt Response in Rakhine

Posted: 26 Sep 2017 02:36 AM PDT

MANDALAY — Nationalists from Mandalay Region gathered on Tuesday and urged the international community not to interfere in the internal affairs of the country, referring to the recent unrest in Rakhine State.

About 3,000 nationalists from Mandalay and the surrounding areas including Kyaukse, Meikhtila, Bagan and Naypyitaw joined the event at Mandalay's Manawyaman grounds, where the crowd also showed their support for State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi and her government.

The crowd held signs that read 'No Rohingya' and 'Save Rakhine,' while others held photos of the state counselor that said 'We Stand With You.'

"There are many pressures from the international community toward our country and our government. We are here to let the international community know that we are standing with our government to protect our ethnic people and our country," said U Aye Paing, a legal advisor of the former Ma Ba Tha association.

He added that he believed international pressures would be relieved if Myanmar citizens came out in support of the leadership.

At the event where nationalists gathered to condemn the violence in Rakhine State and the international community's response to it, ultranationalist monk U Wirathu was also seen. U Wirathu did not give a speech to the crowd, however, he wrote on his Facebook page that he was attending the event to show that "there are no Rohingya in the country," referring to the fact that the self-identifying Rohingya are not granted citizenship by the government and are commonly referred to as interlopers from Bangladesh despite having lived in the country for generations.

According to the event organizers, the regional government gave permission for the gathering but on numerous conditions including that attendees not use the words 'Rohingya,' 'Bengali,' 'Kofi Annan,' or 'Yanghee Lee.'

Apart from voicing support for Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy government, those speaking at the event slammed her and her government for oppressing nationalists, referring to the banning of Ma Ba Tha as an organization and the recent arrest of nationalist monks in Mandalay.

The nationalists also voiced their disagreement with suggestions set out by Kofi Annan's Rakhine State Advisory Commission and the international community.

"We strongly disagree with amending the 1982 Citizenship Act, which the commission recommended," said lawyer U Win Kyi in his speech.

The speakers also warned the media not to publish fake news or news biased toward the Muslim community.

"There are many Buddhists and Hindus suffering in [Rakhine] State. But we do not see that in the news, only the suffering of Muslims," said U Myo Chit, another nationalist speaker.

Since violence broke out in Rakhine State on Aug. 25, some 430,000 self-identifying Rohingya Muslims have fled to Bangladesh, while some 30,000 Arakanese and Hindus have fled to other areas within the state.

The post Nationalists Urge Citizens to Support Govt Response in Rakhine appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Myanmar Govt to Redistribute Vacant Land

Posted: 26 Sep 2017 01:47 AM PDT

NAYPYITAW— The Myanmar government is developing a plan to redistribute vacant or fallow plots of land to rural landless people willing to farm the land.

The Union Minister for Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation Dr. Aung Thu told The Irrawaddy on Monday the government had obtained US$4.19 million from the Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT)—a multi-donor fund established in 2009 to improve the lives and prospects of smallholder farmers and landless people in rural Myanmar—for the plan.

"We'll start the plan within one or two months to provide land to landless people," Dr. Aung Thu told reporters in Naypyitaw, adding that state and regional governments were already holding meetings.

The minister said authorities in Magwe, Mandalay, and Sagaing regions and Chin State had proposed suitable land for a trial project with LIFT but his ministry had not yet decided where to begin the pilot.

LIFT donors include the United States of America, Britain, Denmark, Australia, France, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden and funds are managed through the UN Office for Project Services (UNFOPS).

He could not comment on how candidates would be chosen and how land would be redistributed.

U Soe Myint, agricultural minister of Magwe Region, said the regional government had seized nearly 13,000 acres of unused land from two private companies in Minhla Township, and would distribute it to people without land, smallholder farmers, and those who did not receive compensation for previously confiscated farmland.

"We have to give back land to original owners, and will give the surplus to those wishing to be engaged in farming," said U Soe Myint. "But they have to perform well within four years, otherwise we'll take back the land."

Farmer rights activist U Myo Thant of 88 Generation Peace and Open Society welcomed the government's plan to provide free land, but said that the government should be transparent about the population of landless people as well as the amount of available land.

"It is important that land is not confiscated from other farmers," said U Myo Thant.

He suggested land redistribution should take place in the mountainous areas home to ethnic minorities, not just Myanmar's plains. "No matter where lands are reclaimed, it is important that locals' voices are listened to," he said.

The government of the Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL) performed large-scale land redistribution after independence, according to lawyer U Kyi Myint. The government limited landowners to 50 acres and handed surplus land to farmers or smallholders.

"In the AFPFL era, communist and socialist beliefs were strong. The [proceeding] government Burma Socialist Programme Party didn't distribute land, but enacted laws to protect farmers. The U Thein Sein government annulled all the laws protecting farmers, and introduced new laws to protect cronies," he said.

"Farmers sold their land as they got a good price. Later, land prices increased exorbitantly, but farmers had already sold their land and got nothing. They faced hardship and were forced to work in foreign countries—mostly Thailand and Malaysia. Many have come to places like Hlaing Tharyar [industrial zone]," he said.

The post Myanmar Govt to Redistribute Vacant Land appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Waves in Minds

Posted: 26 Sep 2017 01:14 AM PDT

Artist Ye Minn has creatively portrayed the complex nature of the human mind in his latest solo exhibition. In place of heads on his figures, there are broken bricks, rolls of tissue, combs, and plastic bags – which he has said represent the mind.

"Being an artist, I have to understand my mind through painting. At times, the mind can be tough, weak, free or lethargic. I represented these states of mind in my work," said the artist.

Ye Minn's solo 'Waves in Minds' art exhibition is taking place until September 29 at Nawaday Tharlar Art Gallery on Yaw Min Gyi Street in Dagon Township.

Ye Minn's solo 'Waves in Minds' art exhibition is taking place until September 29 at Nawaday Tharlar Art Gallery on Yaw Min Gyi Street in Dagon Township.

In the early days of his artistic career, Ye Minn was a realist, but later he found his true love in surrealism. About a bare-chested man with folded arms—on his neck a broken brick instead of head—Ye Minn said: "If the mind is rigid and haughty……Those who are rigid are easy to break, fragile. The broken brick in place of his head portrays his mind."

Ye Minn's solo 'Waves in Minds' art exhibition is taking place until September 29 at Nawaday Tharlar Art Gallery on Yaw Min Gyi Street in Dagon Township.

His exhibition features 16 paintings, each priced at US$1,000. He has participated in dozens of art exhibitions at home and abroad.

"Ye Minn's creations are a presentation of contemporary art. It is a different genre of surrealism and reflects the life and feelings of people," artist Aye Ko said of Ye Minn's works.

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Malaysia’s Dissent on Myanmar Statement Reveals Cracks in ASEAN Facade

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 10:46 PM PDT

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia — Dissent surfaced again in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) after Malaysia disavowed a statement issued by the bloc's chairman, the Philippines, as misrepresenting "the reality" of an exodus of 430,000 self-identifying ethnic Rohingya from Myanmar.

The grouping of 10 nations in one of the world's fastest growing regions has long struggled to reconcile conflicting interests in tackling issues such as China's claims over the South China Sea and the crisis facing the Muslim minority.

"The Philippines, as chair, tolerates the public manifestation of dissenting voices," the Philippine foreign ministry said in a statement on Monday.

The move showed a "new level of maturity" in pushing ASEAN's principle of consensus when dealing with issues affecting national interests, it added.

Malaysia had made its position clear "in several ASEAN meetings" in New York, the ministry said, adding that it had to also take into account the views of other members, however.

On Sunday, Malaysia "disassociated itself" from the ASEAN chairman's statement on the grounds that it misrepresented the "reality of the situation" and did not identify the Rohingya as one of the affected communities.

Myanmar objects to the term Rohingya, saying the Muslims of its western state of Rakhine state are not a distinct ethnic group, but illegal immigrants from Bangladesh.

Senior diplomats and foreign ministers of ASEAN nations discussed the contents of the statement on the sidelines of the United Nations General Assembly in New York before it was published, the Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and Malaysian government sources said.

No consensus was reached by the ASEAN foreign ministers, however, said two Malaysian government officials aware of the discussions.

The chairman's statement released by the Philippines did not reflect Malaysia's concerns, said one of the officials, who asked not to be named due to the sensitivity of the issue.

Malaysia has objected once before to a similar statement on the crisis in Myanmar's western Rakhine state, but Sunday's response was unexpected, as the grouping has an overriding policy of non-interference in domestic matters.

Myanmar must halt "atrocities which have unleashed a full-scale humanitarian crisis," Malaysian Foreign Minister Anifah Aman urged on Sunday.

"Viable and long-term solutions to the root causes to the conflict must be found," he said in a statement.

Dissent Reflects Strain

Malaysia's dissent, however, only reflects strained ties in ASEAN, said Shahriman Lockman, a senior analyst with the Institute of Strategic and International Studies in the country's capital.

"What's truly exceptional here is not Malaysia's move to dissociate itself from the statement," he told Reuters. "It's the failure of the Philippines to attempt to reflect the views of all ASEAN member states."

In the statement, the foreign ministers condemned the attacks on Myanmar's security forces and "all acts of violence which resulted in loss of civilian lives, destruction of homes and diplacement of large numbers of people".

More than 400 people have died and 430,000 self-identifying Rohingya Muslims have fled Rakhine, where an Aug. 25 attack on military and police outposts by militants provoked a military offensive the United Nations calls "ethnic cleansing."

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UN Chief to Brief Security Council on Myanmar on Thursday

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 10:23 PM PDT

UNITED NATIONS — United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres will publicly brief the Security Council on Thursday on violence in Myanmar, which he has described as ethnic cleansing, after seven countries on the 15-member body requested the meeting.

Sweden, the United States, Britain, France, Egypt, Senegal, and Kazakhstan requested the meeting.

In preparation for Thursday’s public meeting, the council will be briefed behind closed doors on Tuesday by UN political affairs chief Jeffrey Feltman, diplomats said.

Some 436,000 Rohingya Muslims have fled to Bangladesh from Myanmar since Aug. 25, when attacks by self-identifying Rohingya militants triggered a military crackdown.

US President Donald Trump wants the UN Security Council to take "strong and swift action" to end the violence, Vice President Mike Pence said last Wednesday.

The council has already met twice behind closed doors since the crisis began and earlier this month issued an informal statement to the press condemning the situation and urging Myanmar authorities to end the violence.

Diplomats say the Security Council could consider adopting a formal statement if the situation does not improve, but China and Russia are unlikely to agree to stronger action that would require the adoption of a resolution they could veto.

A Security Council resolution would need nine votes in favor and no vetoes by Russia, China, the United States, Britain and France.

Myanmar said earlier this month it was negotiating with veto powers China and Russia to ensure Myanmar would be protected from any Security Council action.

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Vietnam Uses Water Cannons to Disperse Protest at Global Fashion Brands Supplier

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 10:07 PM PDT

HANOI — Vietnamese authorities on Monday used water cannons and electric rods to end a five-month protest by villagers blockading a textile plant that serves global fashion brands, an official and a villager said.

The blockade represents another challenge to the communist nation's government over industrial pollution woes, at a time when Vietnam seeks more foreign investors to keep up one of the highest rates of growth in Southeast Asia.

Hundreds of people from the northern province of Hai Duong have maintained watch in shifts day and night since April to stop work at the Pacific Crystal Textiles mill, operated by Hong Kong-based Pacific Textiles.

Japanese clothing giant UNIQLO is among those affected by the stoppage, which has led Pacific Textiles to report a "significant financial impact" from the disruption.

On Monday, about 500 policemen used water cannons and electric rods to disperse around 200 villagers, said villager Bui Van Nguyet, who was one of the protesters.

Two people were injured as the policemen beat protesters and set on fire a field tent pitched in front of the plant, he added.

"It's unimaginably evil," Nguyet, who vowed to keep fighting, told Reuters.

Talks with protesters had proved unsuccessful, said a local official, adding that Pacific Textiles had promised to ensure better environmental standards.

"The villagers have set up the tent for several months already," said Truong Van Hon, head of the people’s committee office of Hai Duong province.

"The investor [Pacific Textiles] has invested a lot and the environment ministry had done examinations and allowed the company to overcome the incident and invest more to ensure all environmental standards," he added.

The local authority would shut down Pacific Textiles' factory completely if it fell short of environmental standards again, Hon told Reuters.

In a statement, Pacific Textiles said its staff were able to enter the factory on Monday, but it was not certain whether the issue had been completely resolved.

The factory opened in 2015 as a venture between Pacific Textiles and garment maker Crystal Group, with a reported initial investment of at least $180 million.

Villagers have accused Pacific Textiles of multiple discharges of waste water since last year. The company has said it only discharged waste water once, on Dec. 24, 2016, and has been taking steps to halt further discharges.

A local authority fined the company 672 million dong ($29,557.95) for the December spill, which breached limits for acidity and alkalinity balance and color, among other violations.

A toxic spill from a Taiwanese-run steel mill in central Vietnam last year sparked unprecedented protests.

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Daw Aung San Suu Kyi on Politics and Crises: In Quotes

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 07:07 PM PDT

Amid international criticism over her approach to the Rohingya crisis, Myanmar State Counselor and Minister of Foreign Affairs Daw Aung San Suu Kyi held a diplomatic briefing and televised it for domestic and international audience last week. In the same week, she gave rare interviews to selected media outlets, focusing on the country's political situation, especially issues concerning Rakhine State.

The Irrawaddy has compiled noteworthy extracts from the three interviews—with the Washington-based Radio Free Asia (RFA) broadcast, the Nikkei Asian Review and the New Delhi-based Asian News International (ANI)—which highlight the challenges facing her government.

Rohingya Crisis

"Regarding the current situation in Rakhine State, it has never been good, even since we took office. However, the issue has needed to be handled more delicately, lately as it has received extra attention from the international community. It is more difficult to resolve any problem when all are watching it." – RFA

 "It’s a humanitarian issue, which has risen out of long-term socio-economic problems and politics of course. In the Rakhine State, go back to the 19th century, and periodically trouble has broken out there between the Muslim community and the Rakhine community. And we have inherited this very complex problem and we have to deal with it and have to resolve it. So, obviously, it is not something we can do overnight." – ANI

Terminology Controversy

"I think that instead of using emotive terms, this term has become emotive, and highly charged. It’s better to call them as Muslims, which is a description that nobody can deny. We are talking about the Muslim community in the Rakhine state and other terms may be applied to that community but I do not see any point in using terms that simply inflame passions further." – ANI

Rule of Law in Conducting Security Operations

"We have taken people to court if it has been found that they have broken the law or they have overstepped their conduct when they are carrying out their responsibilities. We have a very strong code of conduct that has been distributed to all the security forces and they have been instructed to follow them very closely. – ANI

"If you’re going to try to work in accordance with the rule of law, you have to have proper evidence, acceptable evidence—not just hearsay, or not just something that might be considered evidence. It has to be acceptable in a court of law." – Nikkei Asian Review

Repatriation of Rohingya Refugees

"We can start quickly; it doesn’t mean it will be completed quickly … we can begin any time, because this is nothing new. The criteria for the verification process [was] laid down in 1993 by the Bangladeshi and Myanmar government[s]; so there’s nothing new and the Bangladeshi government has agreed to it. It can literally begin any minute … When it begins will depend as much on the Bangladeshi government as on us. We cannot go in and carry out a process in their country unless they are willing." – Nikkei Asian Review

Counterterrorism

"Counter-terrorism is something that we have to take very seriously. And I have to confess that our country has not had experiments with regard to counter-terrorism." – ANI

"We don’t want to hurt those who are innocent and at the same time, we have to make sure terrorists are not allowed to carry on with their activities." – ANI

Personal Reaction

"My true feelings are very very simple. I want peace and harmony in Rakhine. It’s the responsibility of every government to maintain a position of integrity and fairness. We have to be fair to all communities. We have always maintained this that we don’t condemn either of the communities. We condemn actions that are against the rule of law and that are against the humanitarian needs of all people. But we have never condemned communities as such." – ANI

The Relation of Development and Investment to Conflict Resolution

"Socio-economic development is a very important part of the solution." – ANI

"Those who are interested in the Rakhine situation from the outside will only focus on the Rakhine situation. But we have to carry on with the rest of the country — including the economy, health, education, development, peace process, everything. And we keep our eyes open to make sure that we are doing the best in every possible sector."– Nikkei Asian Review

"It’s natural that they should be concerned about it. But they should step back a little and look at it coolly. They will be able to see that one of the reasons why we have problems like these is because of underdevelopment rather because of investments. So investments would actually help to make the situation better.” – Nikkei Asian Review

International Criticism

"Regarding how Myanmar people and the international community should view the current situation of Myanmar, I think they should view with a complete sense of responsibility. But what our citizens should know is that the main responsibility lies on them if they want their country to develop and have peace. But at the same time, they can't ignore the international community. The world today is like a village. You can't stay unconnected, and it is important to get along well with the international community. This is also a responsibility for your country. So, you have to take responsibility for your country, and global citizens also have to take responsibility for this world. If all have a sense of responsibility, there will be problems for no one. However, we can't always see this sense of responsibility."  – RFA

Foreign Policy

"We will maintain our policy of trying to establish friendly relations with all countries all over the world. Of course, we are always aware that Myanmar is not just Rakhine." – Nikkei Asian Review

 Peace Process

"Frankly speaking, I didn't envisage how the country's peace process would go on; I believe it will be successful, but it will take time. Looking at other peace processes, none of them were smooth. So speaking of the peace process, there is no peace because there were the factors that caused discord from the very beginning. Removing those factors will never be fast." – RFA

Citizenship Law

"It is up to the Parliament whether or not to amend a law. The Parliament is the representatives elected by the people. To amend a law is not a flippant matter. If we are to face the reality as it is, I expect there will be intense controversy over whether or not to amend it." — RFA

Rise of Nationalism

"Hatred is never good. Promoting hatred in the name of Buddhism is quite contradictory to the Buddha's teachings. Lord Buddha never supported hatred." — RFA

Relationship With the Military

"It is normal." — RFA

"There is appropriate engagement now. And I always try to cooperate on some issues.

We've already said that we'll work toward national reconciliation. We've not criticized the Tatmadaw for being the Tatmadaw. We've only said that we don't agree with this or that action carried out by it." – RFA

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Ten Things to do in Yangon This Week

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 06:56 PM PDT

Charity Variety Performance | Sept. 27

Magician Mr. Top and other artists will perform at this event to raise funds to donate to people affected by conflict in Rakhine State.

Sept. 27, 6 p.m. National Theater, Myoma Kyaung Street. Free admission.

Yangon Thadingyut Festival | Oct. 1-3

Revelers can set oil lamps afloat on water at Kandawgyi Lake, with lots of food stalls, games, and performances by famous artists, plus traditional Anyeint entertainment.

Oct 1 – 3, 4 p.m.-11 p.m. Kandawgyi Myaw Sin Kyun. Entrance fee: 1,500 kyats.

Centenary of Myanmar Short Stories | Sept. 30 – Oct. 6

The celebration of short stories will feature a book sale, meetings between authors and their readers and reading sessions.

Sept. 30 – Oct 6, 9 a.m.-7 p.m. Yangon Book Plaza, 5th Floor, Thanzay Market. Free admission.

Czech Republic: Country of Castles and Chateaux | Sept. 28 – Oct. 12

Pictures of architecturally and historically prominent sites will be displayed at the National Museum.

Sept. 28 – Oct. 12. National Museum. Pyay Road. Free admission.

May Kha Lar's Solo | Sept. 30

Popular singer May Kha Lar will perform at the National Theater.

Sept. 30, 7 p.m. National Theater, Myoma Kyaung Street. Tel: 09-452427464. Tickets: 10,000 -50,000 kyats

Ye Kyaw Thadingyut Festival | Oct. 2 – 6

Ye Kyaw is the place to experience the hustle and bustle of the annual Thadingyut Festival in Yangon.

Oct 2-6. Ye Kyaw Street.

Urban Talent: Hip Hop | Sept. 30

Famous hip-hop musicians will perform and contestants will compete in a rap showdown.

Sept. 30, 5 p.m. Fusan Basketball Court. Kabar Aye Pagoda Road. Free admission.

Beautiful Waterfall | Oct. 1 – 4

Artist Hla Htun Aung will showcase around 20 paintings in his waterfall-themed solo show.

Oct. 1-4, Hninzi Myaing Art Gallery, Hninzigon Home for the Aged, Kabar Aye Pagoda Road.

Enlightenment | Sept. 30 – Oct. 9

Artist Kyaw Phyu San's solo will feature paintings depicting tales about the previous lives of the Buddha as well as those exploring Myanmar tradition.

Sept. 30 – Oct 9. Lokanat Galleries, 62 Pansodan St., 1st Floor, Kyauktada Tsp.

Rain | Sept. 30 – Oct. 11

There will be over 30 creations using different mediums at this group art exhibition of 15 artists.

Sept. 30 – Oct. 11. Ayerwon Art Gallery at No. 903 – 904, U Ba Kyi Street, 58 Ward, Dagon Seikkan Tsp.

The post Ten Things to do in Yangon This Week appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Monday, September 25, 2017

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy

The Irrawaddy Magazine


‘Our Top Priority is to Achieve Peace’

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 07:31 AM PDT

Kachin State chief minister Dr. Khet Aung recently sat down with The Irrawaddy's Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint and talked about his government's undertakings and plans for this term, as well as the controversial China-backed Myitsone Dam project.

What has the state government done for Kachin State over past 18 months since it took office?

Mainly, we concentrated on infrastructural development such as building bridges, roads, power stations and the electricity supply. We were able to electrify some 200 villages with the 2016-17 fiscal year budget. And we also upgraded the Sumprabum section of the Union Highway. Previously, the road was only accessible by foot, and even motorbikes could not drive on it in the rainy season. This year, cars can use it in the rainy season.

What are the top priorities of your government since it assumed office?

The State Counselor is organizing the 21st Century Panglong peace conference. Our top priority is to achieve peace. Our second priority is to fight drugs. It is critical that we fight drugs nationwide. I visited Bhamo Prison and asked the warden about the number of prisoners and their crimes. He said there were 1,493 prisoners and more than 1,200 were imprisoned on drug charges. This is not a good sign.

I also visited Myitkyina Prison. There were more than 3,200 prisoners with more than 2,800 imprisoned on drug charges. Recently, I also visited Mohnyin, and the township administrative department said that the prison was only recently built but already full of inmates, and 90 percent of them are imprisoned on drug charges.

Drugs are an acute problem not only in Kachin State but also across the entire country. It is a real cause for concern. We are fighting it the best we can. When I went to Mohnyin, we seized more than 300 million kyats worth of drugs.

In previous years, community-based anti-drug group Pat Jasan launched anti-narcotics campaigns in the state. But there was fierce resistance from poppy growers, and their activities ceased after growers started firing shots during their campaigns. What do you think of Pat Jasan?

Their intentions are good, but we want them to cooperate with us within the legal framework to combat drugs more effectively. We've invited them to cooperate. We've formed anti-drug committees at the district, township, ward and village levels. If they can work in close coordination, we'll be able to overcome the drug problem.

In Special Region (1), militias have admitted to also growing poppies. How will the government handle this?

Frankly speaking, it is difficult to handle. Militias and border guard forces are controlled by the army. We cannot handle them directly and there are difficulties.

How is Myitsone Dam project going now?

The report on the dam has yet to be the submitted to the President. This is all I can say for the time being. The public will be informed after the report is submitted.

I heard that a Chinese government delegation met the Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC) and talked about resuming the dam project. Did China talk with the Kachin State government about the dam?

No, they didn't.

People object to the project. What is the stance of the Kachin State government?

We share the same view as the people. They elect us and their wishes are of the utmost importance to us. If the people don't want it, it won't happen.

Why has it taken so long to submit the report [on the assessment of the possible impacts of the dam] to the President?

There is a lot to coordinate between different stakeholders. The process also included consultation with international experts, which takes a while.

I've talked to locals and they are concerned that the Myitsone Dam project will be resumed. What would you say to them?

I would say that it depends on their wishes.

Locals have borne the brunt of clashes between the Myanmar Army and the Kachin Independence Army (KIA), who were fighting for their own reasons. What do you have to say about that?

As we've not yet achieved peace, problems such as displacement arise when the Tatmadaw [Myanmar Army] conducts clearance operations in areas that are not controlled by the government. What we can do is to minimize the troubles people are facing. We are different. The Tatmadaw carries out [operations] with a military outlook.

Speaking of clashes in Kachin State, it is the Tatmadaw that launched assaults, and local activists claim that it doesn't want peace. What do you think?

As I've said, it acted with a military outlook. Its primary concern is state security and it acts based on that.

What are the challenges facing the Kachin State civilian government?

As peace is not yet achieved, there are some difficulties in the administrative system. I don't want to go into detail.

Kachin people had great expectations for the National League for Democracy (NLD) government as well as your [state] government. But they have faced some frustrations. What would you say to your constituents?

We have only been in office for 18 months and we are seeing the problems that people face. We will try our best to mitigate these. We have a mission and a vision.

Our vision is a peaceful, modern, developed, drug-free state with the co-existence of Union brethren. Our mission is peace, smooth transportation, electricity supply for all towns and villages, drug elimination, and strengthening friendship between ethnicities, security and rule of law.

We'd also strive for the socio-economic development of local people by promoting agriculture, livestock breeding and tourism. And we are inviting foreign direct investment in agricultural and livestock sectors in our state.

We will also make sure there is reliable and speedy public service delivery as well as fight corruption. These are our goals for the five-year term.

The post 'Our Top Priority is to Achieve Peace' appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Locals to Protest UNESCO Natural World Heritage Designation at Hkakabo Razi

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 07:23 AM PDT

YANGON — Citing concerns of land loss, locals are planning protests over a Mt. Hkakabo Razi National Park expansion project, which aims to distinguish the locale as Myanmar's first UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site. Demonstrations are scheduled to be held in northern Kachin State's Putao, Machanbaw and Naungmon townships on Sept. 28.

U Yaw Gu, chair of Rawang Literature and Cultural Affairs in Putao, told The Irrawaddy that around 10,000 people are expected to participate in the protests.

"Locals don't agree with expanding the area for Mt. Hkakabo Razi National Park. They believe that it will impact their life negatively," he explained.

The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation published an announcement that the mountain's national park would be expanded so that it could earn Myanmar's first Natural World Heritage Site designation.

The Kachin Political Cooperation Committee (KPCC) published a statement on Sept. 18 condemning the ministry's announcement and calling on them to stop the implementation of the process.

"We objected to the project due to people's will. There's no transparency in it and locals will not get compensation […] for losing their land due to the expansion of the area," said U Lan Yaw, general secretary of the Kachin National Congress Party.

"We simply don't want anyone to exploit our land," he added, citing previous land grabs in the Hukawng Valley Wildlife Sanctuary.

Hkakabo Razi's landscape is rich in ecological diversity, including rare species of orchids.

Mt. Hkakabo Razi National Park was established in 1996 with an area of 1,472 square miles around Southeast Asia's highest mountain, located in Putao, Kachin State.

Myanmar's Forest Department has working with UNESCO since 2013 to designate the area as a Natural World Heritage Site. The Forest Department and UNESCO are now undergoing an intiative to "safeguard natural heritage" in Myanmar. According to a Forest Department announcement, community members from nearby villages have been appointed and trained as park guards in both the national park and the wildlife sanctuary to monitor and report on the illegal activities in the areas.

The tentative list of Natural World Heritage Sites in Myanmar include the Hkakabo Razi landscape, Hukawng Valley Wildlife Sanctuary, Indawgyi Wildlife Sanctuary, Natmataung National Park, Myeik Archipelago, the Irrawaddy River Corridor and the Tanintharyi Forest Corridor. Among these tentative sites, Mt. Hkakabo Razi has been given top priority; the UNESCO World Heritage Committee has already acknowledged all of the potential sites.

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Govt Urges UNFC to Cooperate with Peace Process

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 05:08 AM PDT

CHIANG MAI, Thailand — The government's Peace Commission on Monday urged the ethnic bloc of nationwide ceasefire agreement (NCA) non-signatories the United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) to cooperate with the government to achieve peace in the country.

Peace Commission members and the UNFC's delegation for political negotiation (DPN) met for informal talks in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand on Monday, with Peace Commission member U Aung Soe and DPN head Khu Oo Reh making opening remarks.

Monday's meeting follows the sixth round of formal talks between the two parties in Yangon last month. Talks have been delayed due to the illness of Peace Commission chair Dr. Tin Myo Win and instability in Rakhine State since Aug. 25.

Khu Oo Reh said the UNFC had the same will to continue talks and understood the delay due to unavoidable causes.

Talks covered the DPN's nine-point proposal to signing the NCA, the seventh round of formal talks, and the possibility of high-level meetings between the government and UNFC leaders.

"We have been thinking whether it would be smoother to have [high-level] negotiations through our senior leaders, or whether we should continue this current form of negotiation," Khu Oo Reh said in his speech.

If the ethnic bloc participates in the upcoming third session of the 21st Century Panglong Union peace conference, U Aung Soe said in his speech, "then we could say that our political process is effective to some extent."

The DPN did not join the last session of peace conference in May.

U Aung Soe said the government is collaborating with all relevant stakeholders, including the government, parliament, the Tatmadaw, ethnic armed organizations, and political parties, on the amendments of the political dialogue framework in order to convene the third session of the peace conference.

The government plans to hold the next session in November, though peace negotiators believe it will be delayed.

U Aung Soe said all parties need to try harder to make progress in the peace process as they have not seen any success even though the National League for Democracy (NLD) government has been in power for more than one and a half years.

He said the UNFC should consider collaborating with the civilian government to reach its four commitments to achieve peace, national reconciliation, and rule of law, and to amend the 2008 Constitution.

"Our government believes solving remaining problems would be easier if all of our ethnic groups stand together with us in peace building, along with the current political crisis [in Rakhine]," U Aung Soe added.

The government has not yet, however, entered into talks with the Federal Political Negotiation and Consultative Committee—an alliance of armed groups in northern Myanmar led by the United Wa State Army.

There will be a delay in UNFC members signing the NCA due to the seventh round of talks between DPN and the Peace Commission at the beginning of October, said DPN spokesperson Nai Aung Mange at a press conference following the meeting.

He reiterated that collaboration in the peace process would help in the amendment of the Constitution, which parliament also has a part to play in.

He referred to an understanding between the government and the military that a Union Accord agreed upon at the Union Peace Conference could invoke a new constitution, and encouraged everyone's participation.

"We believe we would be able to implement the changes in the 2008 Constitution which is the most important task for our country in the short term, if we combine parliamentary politics and peace process," he said.

"As you all know, we are not able to amend the Constitution without the Tatmadaw's agreement. Thus, if we all try together, we soon will be able to build the democratic federal Union that we all aim for."

The post Govt Urges UNFC to Cooperate with Peace Process appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Muslim Militants Allegedly Kill Hindus, 45 Bodies Unearthed in Rakhine: Community Leader

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 04:00 AM PDT

YANGON – Security forces unearthed 45 dead Hindus, including six children, near Ye Baw Kya village in northern Maungdaw Township, Rakhine State, according to a statement issued by the government's Information Committee and later reports from a Hindu community leader.

The government's statement — based on Hindu community leader U Ni Mal's testimony — on Sunday said members of Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army (ARSA) arrested some 100 men and women from several Hindu villages in Kha Maung Seik village tract on Aug. 25 and killed the majority of abductees.

U Ni Mal told The Irrawaddy this afternoon after he and villagers assisted security forces in searching for additional burial sites.

The community leader claimed the 45 deceased were brutally killed and some were beheaded or had their throats slit. Among the bodies were 20 women, 19 men, and six children. A mass grave of 28 was found of Sunday, with 17 discovered on Monday afternoon.

Twenty eight bodies were unearthed in Rakhine State's Maungdaw Township on September 24. 

(Photo: Thuta Zaw/ Facebook)

U Ni Mal said that the Hindu community had verbally and officially requested that authorities and Arakan National Party lawmakers looks into the deaths, but that there were delays due to security concerns.

The UN estimates that some 500 Hindus fled to Bangladesh after Muslim militants attacked border police posts on August 25 and resulting Myanmar Army security clearance operations have followed. The refugees are sheltering in makeshift camps on the Bangladesh border alongside a UN-estimated 420,000 self-identifying Rohingya Muslims.

U Ni Mal expressed that the Hindu community "wants justice" for these attacks.

Some 30,000 Hindus and Buddhists in Maungdaw were also displaced to other areas in Rakhine State after military clearance operations began following Arakan Rohingya Salvation Army attacks on border police posts.

During a visit by The Irrawaddy's reporter in early September, some Hindus expressed that they would no longer live alongside Muslims in Maungdaw if the government planned to relocate them.

"We are not comfortable living alongside them anymore," said U Ni Mal.

The post Muslim Militants Allegedly Kill Hindus, 45 Bodies Unearthed in Rakhine: Community Leader appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

More Than 700 Stranded on Myitkyina-Tanai Road in Kachin State

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 02:05 AM PDT

HPAKANT, Kachin State — More than 700 people were stranded in a village in Kachin State's Hpakant Township after the Myanmar Army blocked some 70 vehicles on the Myitkyina-Tanai road, claiming the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) was collecting taxes from vehicles in the area.

The Tatmadaw's Light Infantry Battalion No. 298 based near Dun Bum village blocked passengers travelling in both directions at noon on Friday—including children, elderly people, and pregnant women.

Trucks carrying oil and produce from state capital Myitkyina to Tanai were also blocked by the army.

On Sunday morning, the battalion allowed six of the more than 70 vehicles to pass, but continued to block the rest.

"The [Myanmar] army blocked [the road] as the KIA collected money around Lawa [village] in Hpakant since Sept. 22," said Ko Sai, the driver of a small passenger vehicle running between Myitkyina and Tanai.

He said he paid 50,000 kyats to the KIA for a year and had received a KIA receipt, which he presents at KIA checkpoints. The fee per passenger is usually 5,000 kyats, he added.

According to other drivers travelling between Myitkyina and Tanai, the KIA charges 50,000 kyats on small vehicles and 100,000 to 200,000 kyats on bigger ones, per year, to use the road.

A Myanmar Army soldier on duty at Dun Bum said the battalion was blocking the road so as to avoid passenger vehicles being trapped armed clashes.

"The KIA would get a lot of money even if they only collect 5,000 kyats per person. They always collect money," said the soldier. "Some travelers think we are deliberately causing delays to their trips," he added.

According to locals, Battalions No. 6 and 14 of KIA Brigade No. 2 are active in Dun Bum and Lawa villages where KIA was reportedly collecting money.

"We didn't start collecting money a few days ago, we have been doing it for over 50 years," Lt-Col Tang San of KIA Battalion No. 6 told The Irrawaddy. "We solicit donations, we don't deny it. But we don't block the road and ask for money," he added.

There is no military tension between KIA Battalion No. 6 and the Myanmar Army in Hpakant at the moment and the road is accessible, he said.

"We don't block civilians. It is the [Myanmar] army that blocks travelers when we [KIA troops] come out [of the forest]. We only usually come out onto the road once a month," said Lt-Col Naw Bu, a spokesperson of KIA.

Among those stranded, some were traveling onward to Mandalay, Yangon, and Shan State.

One stranded driver, who wished to remain anonymous, said that when the road is closed like this, it usually lasts at least three days.

"I'm used to this situation so I always bring a mat and bedding with me," he said. "We have to stay alert for possible armed clashes in the forest."

Daw Sami, who was travelling to Myitkyina said: "It is not convenient to sleep and relieve oneself here on the road. I've travelled at least ten times on this road. If we met KIA, we gave them money. We had no trouble. Being stranded here costs more [than paying money to KIA]."

According to drivers and local residents, passenger vehicles were blocked by the Myanmar Army in Tingkawk and Kawng Ra villages in Tanai Township for the same reason from Sept. 16 to 18.

Military tensions remain high in the area as Myanmar Army attacked gold mines operated by the KIA in Hpakant's Sha Htu Zup village in August last year, as well as amber and gold mines in Tanai Township in June this year.

The Myanmar Army believes the KIA earns around 2.8 billion kyats in tax each year  from illegal gold and amber mines, which it uses for the procurement of arms and ammunitions to fight the army.

Myanmar Army helicopters dropped leaflets in the second week of June, asking people in the mining areas to leave by June 15 or else be recognized as insurgents supporting the KIA.

This was followed by attacks that forced around 10,000 locals and many more migrant miners to take shelter in Tanai Town. There have been frequent reports of gunfire on the Myitkyina-Tanai road.

The Myanmar Army reportedly limited fuel and food shipments to Tanai as part of their campaign to close the mines in that area.

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Yangon Govt to Accommodate Squatters by 2020

Posted: 25 Sep 2017 12:00 AM PDT

YANGON — The Yangon regional government will provide accommodation for all squatters in the region in the next three years before the current administration's term expires in 2020, said Yangon chief minister U Phyo Min Thein.

"We've started making preparations this month to accommodate squatters. Our regional government will draw up a plan to accommodate them because squatters are a burden to industrial zones," said the chief minister at a meeting between Vice President U Myint Swe and businesspeople in Yangon on Saturday.

The regional government surveyed the population of squatters since last September and issued smart identity documents to them. According to the survey, there are some 100,000 squatters in the region.

There have been reported cases of squatters occupying vacant spaces in factory compounds in some of the region's 29 industrial zones and demanding money from factory owners to vacate.

To upgrade the region's industrial zones, it is important to address the issue of squatters, said U Phyo Min Thein.

"Squatters, water and electricity supply, sewage systems, and dumping are the pressing issues to upgrading the industrial zones. And we plan to build industrial zones in every township [in Yangon]," said the chief minister.

The plan also includes the creation of jobs at new industrial zones for squatters, he said.

According to the regional government, it also plans to establish small-scale industrial zones in 12 townships in the region outside the municipal border of the Yangon City Development Committee (YCDC).

Translated from Burmese by Thet Ko Ko.

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UN Medics See Evidence of Rape in Myanmar Army ‘Cleansing’ Campaign

Posted: 24 Sep 2017 10:35 PM PDT

COX'S BAZAR, Bangladesh — Doctors treating some of the 429,000 self-identifying Rohingya Muslims who have fled to Bangladesh from Myanmar in recent weeks have seen dozens of women with injuries consistent with violent sexual attacks, UN clinicians and other health workers said.

The medics' accounts, backed in some cases by medical notes reviewed by Reuters, lend weight to repeated allegations, ranging from molestation to gang rape, leveled by women from the stateless minority group against Myanmar's armed forces.

Myanmar officials have mostly dismissed such allegations as militant propaganda designed to defame its military, which they say is engaged in legitimate counterinsurgency operations and under orders to protect civilians.

Zaw Htay, spokesman for Myanmar's de facto leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, said the authorities would investigate any allegations brought to them. "Those rape victim women should come to us," he said. "We will give full security to them. We will investigate and we will take action."

Daw Aung San Suu Kyi herself has not commented on the numerous allegations of sexual assault committed by the military against self-identifying Rohingya women made public since late last year.

Violence erupted in Myanmar's northwestern Rakhine State following attacks on security forces by Rohingya militants last October. Further attacks on Aug. 25 provoked a renewed military offensive the United Nations has called "ethnic cleansing."

Reuters spoke with eight health and protection workers in Bangladesh's Cox's Bazar district who between them said they had treated more than 25 individual rape cases since late August.

The medics say they do not attempt to establish definitively what happened to their patients, but have seen an unmistakable pattern in the stories and physical symptoms of dozens of women, who invariably say Myanmar soldiers were the perpetrators.

It is rare for UN doctors and aid agencies to speak about rape allegedly committed by a state's armed forces, given the sensitivity of the matter.

"Inhuman Attack"

Doctors at a clinic run by the UN's International Organization for Migration (IOM) at the Leda makeshift refugee say they treated hundreds of women with injuries they said were from violent sexual assaults during the army operation in October and November.

There have been fewer rapes reported among the influx of refugees since August, said Dr. Niranta Kumar, the clinic's health coordinator, but those they have seen have injuries suggesting "more aggressive" attacks on women.

Several health workers suggested that, whereas in October many women had initially remained in their villages believing the army sweeps were only targeting self-identifying Rohingya men, this time most had fled at the first sign of military activity.

Doctors at the Leda clinic showed a Reuters reporter three case files, without divulging the identity of the patients. One said a 20-year-old woman was treated on Sept. 10, seven days after she said she was raped by a soldier in Myanmar.

Handwritten notes say she said soldiers had "pulled her hair" and a "gun used to beat her" before raping her.

Examinations often find injuries suggesting forced penetration, beating and even what looked like intentional cutting of the genitals, doctors said.

"We found skin marks, it showed a very forceful attack, an inhuman attack," said IOM medical officer Dr. Tasnuba Nourin.

She had seen incidents of vaginal tearing, bite marks and signs that seemed to show a firearm was used to penetrate women, she said.

Among the new influx of self-identifying Rohingya she had treated at least five women who appeared to have been recently raped, she said, adding that in each case the physical injuries observed were consistent with the patient's account of what had happened.

"Fraction of the Cases"

At Bangladesh government clinics supported by UN agencies in the Ukhia area, doctors reported treating 19 women who had been raped, said Dr. Misbah Uddin Ahmed, head of the main health complex there, citing reports from female clinicians.

"The evidence included bite marks, tearing of the vagina, these sorts of things," he said.

In one day alone, Sept. 14, six women showed up at one of the clinics, all saying they were sexually assaulted. "They all said Myanmar army had done this."

An IOM doctor who asked not to be identified, working at one of those clinics near the Kutapalong refugee camp, said a woman who crossed from Myanmar in late August said she was raped by at least seven soldiers.

"She was extremely weak and traumatized and said she struggled to make it to the clinic," the doctor said. "She had a laceration on the vagina."

The doctor treated 15 of the 19 cases of women who appeared to have been raped, and another eight women who had been physically assaulted. Some were given emergency contraceptives, and all were given treatment to reduce the risk of contracting HIV and jabs against hepatitis. Symptoms included bite marks over the arms and back, tearing and laceration on the vagina and vaginal bleeding, the doctor said.

Internal reports compiled by aid agencies in Cox's Bazar recorded that 49 "SGBV survivors" were identified in just four days between Aug. 28-31. SGBV, or sexual and gender-based violence is used to refer to only cases of rape, according to UN doctors. Data for reported rape cases was not available for other dates.

A situation report from aid agencies says more than 350 people had been referred for "life-saving care" relating to gender-based violence – a broad term that includes rape, attempted rape and molestation, as well as emotional abuse and denial of resources based on gender – since Aug. 25. It did not refer to the perpetrators.

Kate White, emergency medical coordinator for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Cox's Bazar said the charity had treated at least 23 cases of sexual and gender-based violence including gang-rape and sexual assault since Aug. 25.

"This is a fraction of the cases that are likely to be out there," she said.

"Rape as a Weapon"

Reuters first reported allegations of mass rape of self-identifying Rohingya women within days of militant attacks in northern Rakhine in October.

The same reports were also heard by UN investigators who visited Bangladesh in January.

A report of the UN Secretary General in April said the sexual assaults were "apparently employed systematically to humiliate and terrorize their community".

Before her rise to power last year Daw Aung San Suu Kyi had spoken of rape being used as a tool of division in the country's myriad ethnic conflicts.

"It is used as a weapon by armed forces to intimidate the ethnic nationalities and to divide our country, this is how I see it," she said in 2011 in a video message to a conference on sexual violence in conflict.

Her spokesman Zaw Htay said there was "nothing to say" when asked if her view had changed since then. "Everything should be according to the rule of law," he said. "The military leaders also have said they will take action."

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Thai Junta Leaders, Backers Fuel Suspicions of Plans to Stay in Power

Posted: 24 Sep 2017 10:01 PM PDT

BANGKOK, Thailand — In his dark suit, Thai junta leader Prayuth Chan-ocha cut an incongruous figure guiding a rice tractor across a muddy paddy field in front of cameras and watching villagers.

The prime minister's latest photo opportunity won applause from farmers watching in straw hats and his visit to Suphan Buri on Monday brought a call from a local political bigwig for him to stay in power for another decade.

Political activities in Thailand have been suspended since Prayuth's 2014 coup, but Thai politicians are asking whether what looks like campaigning is exactly what it seems.

The trips to the countryside, a new Facebook account and a chorus of political groups offering support are raising suspicions of a plan to keep Prayuth in power even if long-promised elections happen next year.

"It's not beyond expectations that he is out campaigning in the provinces to prepare to become prime minister again," said Chaturon Chaisang, a leader of the Pheu Thai party, which under various names has won every election for a generation.

Since August, Prayuth has visited six provinces, including places traditionally considered important battlegrounds for elections. Such trips with his cabinet will now be monthly.

In the previous three years, he had only taken two such trips outside Bangkok.

"I am not here to make people love me, but I want everyone to love the country," Prayuth, 63, told farmers in Suphan Buri, 100 km (60 miles) north of Bangkok.

Said 60-year-old farmer Samruay Tongpratet: "If the prime minister can truly help the poor then he can stay as long as he wants."

Prayuth's office declined to comment on any plan to keep him in power.

Cremation and Coronation

Politics will not resume until well after the cremation next month of the revered King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who died last October, and the subsequent coronation of his son, King Maha Vajiralongkorn.

In the meantime, Prayuth has the field to himself.

"That's why he needed to hold these mobile cabinet meetings in the provinces, act more like a politician, hold rallies, and meet the people," said Thitinan Pongsudhirak, director of the Institute of Security and International Studies at Chulalongkorn University, noting the signs that Prayuth wants to stay longer.

Last month, Prayuth set up a Facebook page with pictures of him walking with his arm around a farmer's shoulder and giving alms to monks. It now has nearly 11,000 likes.

A poll in June showed that 53 percent of Thais would like Prayuth to serve another term.

Although Thailand's economic growth lags other countries in Southeast Asia and dissent is strongly repressed, surveys show that Prayuth's backers welcome the stability since the coup.

Whether that calm survives electioneering is another question after over a decade of turmoil between colour-coded factions that Prayuth said he sought to end with his coup.

On one side is the 'yellow' Democrat Party, which is popular with middle-class voters and has strong support in Bangkok and parts of the south.

On the other side is the 'red' movement of ousted Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, whose parties appeal to poorer voters, particularly in the populous northeast.

Thaksin's sister, Yingluck Shinawatra, was overthrown by Prayuth in the 2014 coup and last month fled Thailand ahead of a verdict in a corruption trial – eliminating a charismatic party figurehead who might also have rallied opposition to Prayuth.

'Outside Prime Minister'

Although he cannot technically stand for election because he would have needed to resign by July, a new constitution drawn up at the junta's behest does offer him a route.

He could be chosen as an "outside prime minister" – foreseen under the constitution if the winning party fails to get enough votes for its candidate in the 500-member lower house of parliament.

In such a case, the upper house would also have a say – its 250 members will be picked by the military. Prayuth would still need support from at least half the lower house, however.

Although neither of Thailand's two main political parties has said it would endorse him, smaller players are mobilizing.

Paiboon Nititawan, a former member of a now-defunct reform council, has set up an office for a new People's Reform Party to back Prayuth.

Suchart Chantharachotikul, a classmate of Prayuth from military school, told Reuters he is coordinating smaller parties to form a grouping to back the junta leader.

"Prayuth's military government isn't perfect, but they took care of problems like unrest. It wouldn't be so strange if he stays on for another four years," Suchart said.

A composer of sentimental ballads, Prayuth has dropped hints in his music of a longer term political future. His latest song, "Bridge", repeats a message that he will stay as long as it takes to steer Thailand through troubled waters.

"My two hands won't let you go," says one refrain.

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