Tuesday, September 8, 2015

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


State Railway Seeks Private Partner for Trendy Tourist Train

Posted: 08 Sep 2015 03:48 AM PDT

A view of the Goteik Viaduct in Nawnghkio Township, Shan State. (Photo: Wikimedia Commons)

A view of the Goteik Viaduct in Nawnghkio Township, Shan State. (Photo: Wikimedia Commons)

RANGOON — State-owned transport provider Myanmar Railways has called on private investors to operate one of the country's many promising new tourism opportunities, a railway gang car route spanning 2,200 feet to cross the Goteik Viaduct in eastern Burma's Shan State.

Selected investors will be expected to enter a joint venture with Myanmar Railways for three years with an annually renewable contract, according to a statement from the enterprise.

Kyaw Kyaw Myo, the company's deputy general manager, told the Irrawaddy that courting private investment is an urgent priority. Interested companies have until Oct. 6 to submit their expressions of interest.

Located in Nawnghkio Township, the Goteik Viaduct is part of a railway system connecting Pyin Oo Lwin, formerly the summer capital of British colonial administrators in Burma, with Lashio, one of the state's principal towns. A popular destination for Burma's swelling crowds of tourists, the bridge is the highest in Burma and was once the tallest trestle in the world.

Formerly used to conduct track repairs, rail gang cars were modified earlier this year to allow tourists to better experience the journey across the viaduct and the picturesque panorama of the surrounding Shan hills.

Myanmar Railways collects 100,000 kyats (US$100) for every full one-way trip of the 20-seat cars, according to Kyaw Kyaw Myo, as tickets are currently valued at 5,000 per passenger.

Phyo Wai Yar Zar, chairman of Myanmar Tourism Marketing, said that travelers will only be able to board the cars from a station near the viaduct, that the current pricing may be unsustainable and that a compromise reached during the tender process. Provided that that can be worked out, he said, "if the private sector can do it, it will be good for tourists."

Construction of the famous bridge was overseen by Sir Arthur Rendel, an engineer for the Burma Railroad Company. Work on the bridge began in 1899 and was completed in 1900, consisting of 16 steel towers and 2,260 feet in track length. Its tallest tower is more than 800 feet high.

Tourism has been on the rise in Burma since the government began to implement wide-ranging political and economic reforms in 2011, marking the beginning of the country's departure from military rule.

Many local businesses and foreign investors are banking on hopes that the service industry and tourism sector will become a major contributor to the nation's economy, which is in the early stages of a slow recovery from its decimation under the former military regime.

In early 2014, the Burmese government announced that 2016 would be designated as "Visit Myanmar Year," part of a Tourism Master Plan plans to raise foreign visitor numbers of 7.5 million by 2020.

The government attempted to launch a similar scheme in 1996, but it was ultimately unsuccessful due to fierce criticism from the opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) and the country's status as a pariah state.

The post State Railway Seeks Private Partner for Trendy Tourist Train appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Thailand Frees British Man Blacklisted in Plagiarism Spat

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 11:08 PM PDT

A Thai Muslim woman (C) is seen praying through frosted glass in the departures hall of Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi airport on November 28, 2008. Hundreds of Thai Muslims on a once-in-a-lifetime pilgrimage to Mecca were spending a fourth night sleeping rough at Bangkok's international airport on Friday, victims of anti-government protests that have paralysed air travel.    REUTERS/Adrees Latif   (THAILAND) - RTXB1TX

Frosted glass in the departures hall of Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi airport on November 28, 2008. (Photo: Reuters)

BANGKOK — A British academic who accused a Thai official of plagiarism, and whose name later showed up on a national security blacklist as a potential danger to society, said on Tuesday he had been freed after being held for four days at a Bangkok airport.

Wyn Ellis, a long-term resident of Thailand with British and Thai citizenship, was freed late on Monday after he was detained shortly after arriving from Europe last Thursday.

Ellis is working on a sustainable rice program for the United Nations in Thailand. He discovered just a few days ago that he had been blacklisted, apparently because of a 2009 letter written by the man he had accused of copying his work.

"I am out and I am off the blacklist," Ellis told Reuters on Tuesday after spending four days in a cell with 15 other people.

"It's a relief to be back in my own home. We had a glass of wine last night to celebrate," he said.

Ellis said immigration officials showed him the 2009 letter after he was detained. In it, he said former National Innovation Agency (NIA) chief Supachai Lorlowhakarn had described him as a "danger to Thai society" and accused him of forgery, stealing government documents and plagiarism.

Supachai sent the letter to Thailand's immigration bureau after Ellis had filed a complaint to authorities that Supachai had plagiarized from one of his studies.

The NIA told the immigration department last week that it had revoked Supachai's letter.

Ellis said he had been coming and going to Thailand without any problem, but had lost his Thai passport on a recent trip to Britain and Norway. He was using his British passport when he returned to Thailand on Thursday.

The post Thailand Frees British Man Blacklisted in Plagiarism Spat appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Chinese Woman Must Choose Between 2nd Child, Husband’s Job

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 10:33 PM PDT

Children sit in front of a tombstone waiting for their relatives during the Qingming Festival in Fujian province. (Photo: China Daily / Reuters)

Children sit in front of a tombstone waiting for their relatives during the Qingming Festival in Fujian province. (Photo: China Daily / Reuters)

BEIJING — A public outcry has been raised over the plight of a woman who’s considering an illegal abortion at 8 months because the child would violate China’s restrictive birth policy and would cost her husband his job as a police officer.

Members of the public have been phoning local officials in the couple’s Yunnan province community to inquire about the case, and an online travel service reportedly has offered the husband a position if he loses his government job.

The case has rekindled debate over whether employment in the public sector should be used to enforce the policy that limits urban couples to one child in cases where both husband and wife have at least one sibling.

The 41-year-old woman, who spoke on condition that she be identified only by her surname, Chen, said in a telephone interview Monday that the couple felt under pressure to abort their second child to keep her husband’s job with local police.

“I’m fearful,” Chen said. “If my husband believes I must abort the child, there’s nothing I can do.”

She also grew uneasy about the public attention her case was drawing. “I am worried he would lose his job even after we lose the baby, if the situation gets messy.”

Chen said the couple had hoped for a policy change that would allow them to have a second child but found her unexpectedly pregnant earlier this year in violation of the current rule.

Wen Xueping, a family planning official in Yunnan’s Chuxiong prefecture, said the couple will not be forced to abort the baby but have been warned of the consequences of having it. Couples who violate the child policy face hefty fines and—if they have government jobs—face being sacked.

Wen said members of the public have been calling his offices to inquire about the couple, whose case has garnered much attention on China’s social media.

“No way will we force them to have an abortion,” Wen said. “But there also is the suspicion that the couple wants to avoid the punishment for breaking the rules by stirring up public interest.”

In 2012, the Chinese public was angry when a 23-year-old woman in the northern province of Shaanxi was forced to have a late-term abortion. Local family planning officials were punished, and Beijing sternly warned against any late-term abortion.

The state-owned news website The Paper said James Liang, a senior executive of the web travel service CTrip, has offered the man in Yunnan a job if he loses his position on the police force.

Many critics are calling for an end to the one-child policy altogether, saying that China cannot afford to be an aging society. They say that taking away a family’s livelihood is too draconian a punishment—especially for a family that will now have two children to raise. Some observers have said the couple should have obeyed the one-child policy and should not expect any exemption.

China has eased the policy to allow for more couples to have a second child, but urban parents who are not only children themselves still can have only one child, as in the case of Chen and her husband.

The post Chinese Woman Must Choose Between 2nd Child, Husband’s Job appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Australia Deal to Send Refugees to Cambodia Damaged, Say Critics

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 10:20 PM PDT

Former Australian Immigration Minister Scott Morrison and Cambodian Interior Minister Sar Kheng drink champagne after signing a refugee resettlement agreement in September 2014. (Photo: Samrang Pring / Reuters)

Former Australian Immigration Minister Scott Morrison and Cambodian Interior Minister Sar Kheng drink champagne after signing a refugee resettlement agreement in September 2014. (Photo: Samrang Pring / Reuters)

CANBERRA, Australia — A multi-million dollar deal to resettle refugees from an Australia-run detention camp on the Pacific nation of Nauru to Cambodia has been irreparably damaged by a Rohingya refugee’s decision to go home to Burma, the opposition and refugee advocates said on Tuesday.

Only four refugees—two Iranian men, an Iranian woman and the Rohingya man—took up the offer of cash, free health insurance and accommodation to resettle from Nauru to a gated community in the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh in early June.

The four are pilot cases for another 637 asylum seekers on Nauru who were hoping that Australia will accept them.

A Cambodian official revealed this week that the 24-year-old ethnic Rohingya man from Burma wanted to give up his refugee status and return to his homeland. He had been in contact with the Burma embassy in Cambodia.

Opposition immigration spokesman Richard Marles said Prime Minister Tony Abbott’s government had agreed to pay AU$55 million (US$38 million) for the Cambodian deal, which did not solve the problem of where to send asylum seekers who want to live in Australia.

“As an option, Cambodia has amounted to an expensive joke,” Marles said in a statement.

He said Abbott’s government does not have a “sensible” solution for the asylum seekers on Nauru.

Immigration Minister Peter Dutton was in Europe and has not commented. He said in May that he expected the first refugees to resettle in Cambodia would be a success story that would encourage other refugees on Nauru to follow. Cambodia will only accept refugees who come voluntarily.

Paul Power, chief executive of the national umbrella group Refugee Council of Australia, said the Cambodia experience would only discourage others.

“The fact that someone who’s fled such an appalling situation in Myanmar wants to go back there rather than stay where they are, it’s a pretty devastating condemnation of the practicality of what the Australian government has constructed there,” Power said.

Ian Rintoul, Sydney-based director of the Australian advocacy group Refugee Action Coalition, said he spoke to all four refugees before they left Nauru and none intended to stay in Cambodia. They’d hoped to collect lump sums of about $10,000, which never materialized.

“They thought they were going to get enough money to go somewhere else—it’s as blunt as that,” Rintoul said.

The International Organization for Migration, which helped settle the refugees in Phnom Penh, declined to comment on the Rohingya’s circumstances.

The post Australia Deal to Send Refugees to Cambodia Damaged, Say Critics appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Suspect in Bangkok Bombing Tells Police He’s ‘Guilty’

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 09:37 PM PDT

 A suspect of the recent Bangkok blast arrested last week near the border with Cambodia is taken into police custody at the Metropolitan Police Bureau in central Bangkok on Monday. (Photo: Chaiwat Subprasom / Reuters)

A suspect of the recent Bangkok blast arrested last week near the border with Cambodia is taken into police custody at the Metropolitan Police Bureau in central Bangkok on Monday. (Photo: Chaiwat Subprasom / Reuters)

BANGKOK — A key suspect in last month’s deadly Bangkok bombing was transferred Monday to police custody after a week of military interrogation, and was asked to acknowledge the charge against him before police and the media.

As cameras recorded in the packed room, police introduced an unusual twist to the routine by asking the suspect whether or not he was guilty of the charge of co-possession of illegal explosives, as stated in his arrest warrant.

The suspect, identified by police as Yusufu Mierili, responded through a translator: “Guilty.” Authorities have previously released a variety of spellings of his name, including Mieraili Yusufu and Yusufu Meerailee.

It was not clear whether the apparent confession would carry legal weight in a court. Mierili, who was arrested last Tuesday near the Thai-Cambodia border, has not yet been formally charged.

Police say they found his DNA or fingerprints in two apartments that were raided a week ago by police on the outskirts of Bangkok, including a container of gunpowder. Police say both apartments contained bomb-making materials, and one had more than 200 fake Turkish passports.

The Aug. 17 blast at the Erawan Shrine killed 20 people and injured more than 120 in one of the most devastating acts of violence in Bangkok in decades.

Thai authorities have suggested that at least two of the suspects are possibly Turkish, boosting a theory that the bombing was to avenge Thailand’s forced repatriation of more than 100 ethnic Uighurs to China in July. Uighurs are related to Turks, and Turkey is home to a large Uighur community.

Mierili’s nationality has not been confirmed, but police say he was carrying a Chinese passport that indicated he was from the western region of Xinjiang, home to the Turkish-speaking Uighurs.

Police said last week that Mierili was suspected of being a conspirator rather than the bomber, who was seen in security videos placing a knapsack at the open-air shrine and then leaving.

Another suspect, who was arrested Aug. 29 at one of the two apartments police raided, was in possession of a fake Turkish passport when arrested, police say. That man, whom police have identified as Adem Karadak, was transferred to police custody Friday after nearly a week in military custody.

Thai authorities have said they would turn over the two passports to the relevant embassies to confirm their authenticity once forensics testing is completed.

Authorities have so far issued 11 arrest warrants for suspects related to the blast, including two on Monday.

One of Monday’s warrants was for a man identified as Abdullah Abdullahman of unknown nationality on charges of conspiracy to possess unauthorized explosives and unauthorized war materials. A police sketch showed a young man with short, brown hair, with a light mustache and beard.

The other warrant issued Monday for the same charges was for “a foreign man” whose name and nationality were unknown. He appeared to have short, dark hair in the blurry picture from security camera footage.

The post Suspect in Bangkok Bombing Tells Police He's ‘Guilty’ appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

National News

National News


Rules for campaigning mark a return to 2010

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:51 PM PDT

Insulting the government or the Tatmadaw, disturbing national unity, and interrupting law and order could earn campaigning candidates a sedition charge, while events must be pre-approved and speeches vetted.

Campaign period starts, but only for some parties

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:47 PM PDT

As with most deadlines and dates this election season, the start of the official candidate campaign period is rolling by today only partially heeded.

Strong demand for month-long election police assignment

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:46 PM PDT

Applications to serve in a special election police force have poured in to Mandalay Region, surpassing the amount needed to bolster security around the November vote.

Ex-government official files complaint against NLD leader

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:41 PM PDT

An independent candidate at the centre of a vote-buying scandal has lodged a formal complaint against National League for Democracy leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, alleging a recent "voter education" event in Nay Pyi Taw breached campaign rules.

Electoral officials ignore citizenship complaint against Union minister

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:35 PM PDT

Minister for the President's Office and ruling-party member U Thein Nyunt minister has been cleared to stand for election despite claims that he fails to meet citizenship criteria, which the UEC dismissed.

More trafficking victims run away in Rakhine

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:31 PM PDT

Seven people rescued from a human smuggling boat ran away from a temporary shelter ahead of their repatriation to Bangladesh, according to immigration officials.

Minister promises Christians removal of dream-inspired stupa

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:29 PM PDT

A stupa that a Buddhist monk was inspired by a dream to build inside the compound of a Baptist church is to be destroyed under the orders of the minister of religious affairs.

Refugee in Cambodia asks to return home

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:27 PM PDT

One of the first four refugees resettled in Cambodia under a deal with Australia has requested to return to his native Rakhine State – the latest controversy to smack the much-ridiculed refugee arrangement.

Thailand releases UK academic

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:25 PM PDT

A British scientist has been released by Thai authorities after being held for five days in a detention centre at Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi airport following a long-running dispute linked to his exposure of a senior Thai official and academic as a plagiarist.

Ceasefire could be signed this month

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 08:23 PM PDT

Negotiators from both sides confident a high-level meeting in Nay Pyi Taw will result in a deal on the nationwide ceasefire agreement.

Monday, September 7, 2015

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


A Closer at Look at Chin State’s Vulnerable Flood-Displaced

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 04:56 AM PDT

Click to view slideshow.

HAKHA LAY, Chin State — Hundreds of newly displaced families in this small village in Chin State wait hopefully for relief in temporary shelters after a landslide wiped away their homes and belongings.

Situated in the remote state's Tonzang Township, just under three hours by car from Kale, the town has suffered greatly since severe floods struck the state in late July and early August. Weeks after major rains subsided, Hakha Lay remains in danger of landslides.

In recent weeks, waters trapped by debris further up the nearby hillside came crashing down, toppling homes and trees. The displaced have since set up camp in the surrounding areas, which are difficult to reach and have only very poor roads. The encampment has no running water and no toilets.

The residents recalled frightening sounds around midnight just before the muddy water flooded into the town after a nearby natural reservoir was breached.

"Water came first, then later we heard the roars of mudslide," said Van Oak Lin, and ethnic Chin man who now resides in one of the camp's small blue tents.

Rescue teams slowly reached the area by small roads that were extremely difficult to pass. Some people can only move about the camp by walking on felled logs.

A team leader for the Chin Youth Association from Tamu Township, who had organized a group of 200 youths to carry out a rescue mission, described the damages he found when he arrived at Hakha Lay. The houses he entered were filled with mud, he said, and most of the locals had already fled without their belongings.

"The water has a muddy appearance when we look at the river," the young man said, worried that another breach of nearby natural dams could lead to even further devastation. "This very strange, not normal. There could be another collapse from the upper valleys."

The post A Closer at Look at Chin State's Vulnerable Flood-Displaced appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

UK Firm Withdraws Application to Explore Jade Area

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 03:43 AM PDT

People look for precious stones at a dump near a jade mine in Hpakant Township, Kachin State. (Photo: Soe Zeya Tun / Reuters)

People look for precious stones at a dump near a jade mine in Hpakant Township, Kachin State. (Photo: Soe Zeya Tun / Reuters)

CHIANG MAI, Thailand — Less than a year after submitting three applications for mineral exploration licenses to Burmese mining authorities, London-based firm Aurasian Minerals Plc has announced it will not pursue activities in the country for the foreseeable future.

The company said the decision to withdraw the applications, which covered a total area of 1,900 square kilometers (734 square miles), was taken "in view of the slow approvals process in Myanmar currently and the need for management to focus on opportunities with a nearer-term prospect of creating value," according to a Tuesday announcement on the London Stock Exchange.

In a January progress update, Aurasian disclosed that it had made applications to explore for gold, silver and copper in an area subject to jade and gem mining concessions. Although the firm did not disclose the exact location, land for at least one of the applications is likely to be located in Kachin State's Hpakant Township, the only jade mining area in Burma of any significant output.

Aurasian's January statement added that mineral exploration applications were pending due to "the current security situation in the relevant areas", and the company was awaiting a security clearance from authorities.

There have been repeated clashes around Hpakant's existing jade mines since the collapse of a 17-year ceasefire between the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and the Burma Armed Forces in June 2011.

Peter Mullens, who was appointed Aurasian CEO in mid-July, said he was unable to identify the locations for the exploration licenses or elaborate on the security clearance process.

"I was not involved in application so not sure which state," he told The Irrawaddy via email.

Attempts to clarify the exploration license applications from other members of Aurasian's senior management were unsuccessful.

In March, outgoing chairman Tony Shearer directed enquiries to his successor, Bruce Kay, who did not respond before his resignation in August. Mullens directed questions on Aurasian's Burma operations to Jon Loraine, the company's vice president of development, who also did not reply to a request for comment.

Mark Farmaner, director of the Burma Campaign UK, said that the firm appeared to have sought exploration licenses in Burma without appreciating the implications of the country's ongoing ethnic conflicts.

"Aurasian should never have put in these‎ applications with the Burmese government. They appear to be in conflict zones and without any consultation with local people," he told The Irrawaddy.

"While some British companies will do their research on Burma and adapt their investment accordingly, or decide not to invest at all, a few small British companies specialize in trying to work with dodgy regimes or ‎in difficult places. It means they don’t have to compete with the bigger companies, and can negotiate higher returns from regimes desperate for cash. Aurasian appears to be one of these."

A number of Western companies are waiting for changes to the regulatory framework of Burma's mining sector to be bedded down before investing in the country.

Current rules restrict foreign firms from certain parts of the mining industry, which is expected to change with highly anticipated new legislation to replace the 1994 Mining Law.

Revisions to the junta-era legislation, first introduced to parliament in the second half of 2013 and set to amend nearly 70 percent of the 1994 law, have been stalled in Naypyidaw amid heated debate between parliamentary committees in the Upper and Lower House. The Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Forestry, meanwhile, has yet to finalize regulations for conducting environmental impact assessments.

Burma's extractive industries remain the subject of serious human rights and environmental concerns, as outlined in a January World Bank study.

"When it comes to mining, Myanmar currently lacks the necessary laws and enforcement mechanisms to protect its environment and vulnerable populations against the impacts of mining," the report said. "Over the past two decades, this has led to conflict and severe environmental degradation in the wake of a rapid increase in large-scale mining."

Around 20 percent of Aurasian's shares are currently held by a subsidiary of the US-based Newmont Mining Corporation, one of the largest gold mining conglomerates in the world. Newmont was active in Burma during the 1990s, developing the Kyaukpahto gold deposit in Sagaing's Kawlin Township before withdrawing in 1997.

When asked if Aurasian would consider returning to Burma after the expected passage of a new mining law next year, Mullens indicated the withdrawal was open to review.

"We will wait and see what happens with law and review, then consider our position," he said.

The post UK Firm Withdraws Application to Explore Jade Area appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Sagaing Faces More Flooding After Heavy Rains

Posted: 07 Sep 2015 01:23 AM PDT

Tents set up in Thayawady, Bago Division to provide shelter for villagers displaced from flooding in Sagaing's Kale Township. (Photo: JPaing / The Irrawaddy)

Tents set up in Thayawady, Bago Division to provide shelter for villagers displaced from flooding in Sagaing's Kale Township. (Photo: JPaing / The Irrawaddy)

RANGOON — The Department of Meteorology and Hydrology has released flood warnings for seven townships along the Chindwin River in upper Sagaing Division after heavy rains last week.

State-run media reported on Monday that river levels had swelled above danger levels in Mawlaik, Kalewa, Mingin, Homalin, Kani and Monywa over the weekend. The department warned villagers in low-lying areas to relocate ahead of predicted further rises.

In Paungbyin, water levels rose more than 6 feet above danger levels on Sunday, with more than 6000 people in the township relocating to two relief camps.

Sagaing Division was one of the hardest hit areas of the country during the July and August floods, with 24 people killed and more than 400,000 severely affected by the disaster.

 

The post Sagaing Faces More Flooding After Heavy Rains appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Indonesia Migrant Boat Death Toll Rises to 61

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 11:26 PM PDT

Foreign workers from Indonesia chat outside a cabin at their quarter in Kuala Lumpur June 19, 2011. (Photo: Reuters)

Foreign workers from Indonesia chat outside a cabin at their quarter in Kuala Lumpur June 19, 2011. (Photo: Reuters)

KUALA LUMPUR — Sixty-one bodies have been recovered from an overloaded wooden boat which sank off Malaysia carrying dozens of Indonesian illegal immigrants, maritime officials said on Saturday.

The dead were mostly men, with one toddler on board, the maritime agency's search and rescue director, Robert Teh, told Reuters. Only 20 people are believed to have survived.

"If no more bodies are found today, we may call off the search and rescue operations tomorrow," Teh said.

The boat is believed to have overturned due to overloading and bad weather as immigrants were making the journey home for the Eid al-Adha holiday, officials told reporters on Thursday.

Most of Malaysia's estimated six million legal and illegal migrant workers are from Indonesia, working in construction sites, plantations, factories and in domestic service.

Southeast Asia had a huge migrant crisis in May after boats carrying thousands of people from Burma and Bangladesh were left at sea following a Thai crackdown on people-smuggling gangs.

Last week's tragedy occurred at a time when Europe is facing its biggest refugee crisis with thousands of Middle Eastern refugees making their way by boat across the Mediterranean. Hundreds have died.

 

The post Indonesia Migrant Boat Death Toll Rises to 61 appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Thailand’s Army-Backed Council Rejects Charter, Delays Polls

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 10:58 PM PDT

 General Thanasak Patimaprakorn  talks to Thai PM Prayuth Chan-ocha during a meeting at the Army Club in Bangkok in June 2014. (Photo: Reuters)

General Thanasak Patimaprakorn  talks to Thai PM Prayuth Chan-ocha during a meeting at the Army Club in Bangkok in June 2014. (Photo: Reuters)

BANGKOK — Thailand's military-backed legislature on Sunday rejected an unpopular draft of a new constitution, delaying a return to democracy following a coup last year.

The junta-picked drafters had hoped the proposed charter would move the Southeast Asian country past almost a decade of political conflicts, but it was met with strong opposition on almost all sides of the political divide.

The legislature appointed by the junta, known as the National Reform Council, voted down the draft 135-105, with seven abstentions. The rejection, although welcomed by many, still sets back a tentative plan for Thailand's transition to electoral democracy, with the military retaining substantial powers until a new constitution is drafted.

A new 21-member drafting committee will now be appointed with a mandate to write a new charter within 180 days. It also needs approval by the legislature and will be put to a referendum—meaning elections aren't likely until at least 2017, according to analysts, if the new draft is approved.

The government had previously said elections could take place late next year.

"The army has been uncommitted from the beginning of the process, but it's quite significant to have a rejection at this stage rather than a rejection at the referendum," said Ambika Ahuja, an analyst for the Eurasia Group political risk firm.

"Now it's become even more clear that the current regime prefers to drag on the status quo of direct military rule rather than risk going to the polls earlier, even with a constitution that would give the military a lot of power," she said.

One of the most contentious provisions in the draft included a 23-member panel, including military members, that would be empowered to take over from the parliament and prime minister in times of "national crisis."

Almost all parties criticized it, and the draft risked being voted down in a referendum that had been planned for early next year.

Any new charter under the junta appeared aimed at preventing a political comeback by former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, who was deposed in a 2006 coup after being accused of corruption and disrespect for the revered king. Thailand has remained divided since, with Thaksin's supporters and opponents struggling for power at the ballot box and in the streets, sometimes violently.

The military abolished an earlier constitution after it deposed Thaksin's sister, Yingluck Shinawatra, as prime minister last year, and the government operates under a temporary charter. The junta later picked the drafters and the 247-member National Reform Council to help write a new constitution.

"We might not be able to say that this is a true democracy as viewed in the Western world; it is transitional democracy," Kamnoon Sidhisamarn, spokesman for the Constitution Drafting Committee, said before the vote Sunday.

He defended the draft as necessary to lessen the supremacy of a few political parties, saying that since Thailand became a democracy in 1932, "we found that we haven't had any political stability."

"There have been elections and coups during all these 83 years. In the past 10 years, we had two coups already. And two political parties came to power but they couldn't solve problems," he said.

The draft also envisioned an upper house that's only partially elected—123 out of 200 members would be appointed. A prime minister also could be appointed without having to win a parliamentary seat, as was the case in the past.

Supporters and opponents of Thaksin, as well as academics and activists, have criticized the draft, while the ruling military has stifled public debate on it.

Although the rejection of the draft delays a return to democracy, it is still better than a "meaningless election" that would take place if the draft had been approved, said Chaturon Chaiseng, an outspoken critic of the junta who had served in previous governments headed by Thaksin and Yingluck.

 

The post Thailand's Army-Backed Council Rejects Charter, Delays Polls appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Nauru Camp Refugee Resettled in Cambodia Wants to Go Home

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 10:14 PM PDT

 Asylum seekers are pictured being transported from an aircraft to a bus upon their arrival on the island of Nauru on Sept. 14, 2012. (Photo: Reuters)

Asylum seekers are pictured being transported from an aircraft to a bus upon their arrival on the island of Nauru on Sept. 14, 2012. (Photo: Reuters)

PHNOM PENH, Cambodia — One of four refugees resettled in Cambodia just three months ago in a multimillion-dollar deal that saw them sent from an Australian-run detention camp on the Pacific island nation of Nauru has decided he wants to go home, an official said Sunday.

The man, an ethnic Rohingya from Burma, said he wanted to give up his refugee status and return to his homeland, according to Cambodian Interior Ministry spokesman Khieu Sopheak. The man, who was not named, has contacted Burma's embassy in Cambodia to get permission to return home, but Khieu Sopheak was unaware of the response.

Two Iranian men, an Iranian woman and the Rohingya man came to Cambodia under a 40 million Australian dollar (US$32 million), four-year agreement aimed at resettling hundreds of asylum seekers who have been living for years in Nauru.

They were the only ones among 677 there who signed up for the package—despite substantial encouragement—and arrived in the Cambodian capital of Phnom Penh in early June. Only asylum seekers granted refugee status by the UN's refugee agency were eligible for the move.

"The agreement of the two countries remains valid, but at the moment we want to see the first pilot refugees that have already arrived here integrate into our society before we accept newcomers," Khieu Sopheak said by phone.

The deal, part of Australia's efforts to deter boats of asylum seekers, has been criticized since Australia made the agreement with Cambodia last September. Critics have expressed concerns that Cambodia is too impoverished to handle the new residents and that its poor human rights record would put them at risk.

Khieu Sopheak said that the Rohingya man, who was born in 1990, did not explain why he wanted to return to Burma, but that his father had visited him recently in Cambodia and may have sought to reunite his son with their family.

The man's action comes as many Rohingya, who are Muslims, are expected to take to boats in fresh efforts to leave Burma to escape persecution and better their economic prospects. Many try to head to Malaysia, with which they have a religious affinity, but others try to make the long and dangerous journey to Australia.

Khieu Sopheak said the Cambodian government respected the man's decision. Australian Immigration Minister Peter Dutton's office did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

According to Ian Rintoul, Sydney-based director of the Australian advocacy group Refugee Action Coalition, none of the four resettled people wants to stay in Cambodia. He said they expected to get a lump sum of at least $10,000, but that was not what happened.

"They all went with the idea that they would get the money that they were being told they would get and be able to go somewhere else," Rintoul said. "The government has dribbled the money to them. They've been kept in a very isolated arrangement and there's been no prospects for them."

Rintoul, who maintains close contacts with the refugee community, has been a major source of information on the Nauru asylum seekers, to whom the Nauru, Cambodian and Australian governments have allowed limited access.

"The Iranian couple never had enough money even to subsist, let alone do anything with it. They complained quite bitterly that they were struggling to survive in Cambodia," Rintoul said.

"The whole resettlement arrangement is going belly-up," he said. "The harassment on Nauru to get people to go to Cambodia stopped a few weeks ago. There's no sign of anyone else on Nauru going to Cambodia."

 

The post Nauru Camp Refugee Resettled in Cambodia Wants to Go Home appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

No Quick Fixes for Kale’s Flood-Displaced

Posted: 04 Sep 2015 05:34 PM PDT

 

Click to view slideshow.

KALE TOWNSHIP, Sagaing Division — After a month living in a cramped hut, San Htay still has no idea where she will ultimately end up. This much she does know: It is unlikely that she and her husband will ever return to live in the village they were forced to abandon when floodwaters ravaged western Kale Township, Sagaing Division, several weeks ago.

When The Irrawaddy met the 45-year-old, she was returning from a salvage mission, walking back from her native Maw Lite village with household possessions in both arms, and balanced precariously atop her head.

Asked what her future holds, San Htay's answer was resignedly simple: "I have no clear future."

That's true for many of the 385,000 households displaced nationwide by severe flooding that began in mid-July and has since affected 12 of Burma's 14 states and divisions.

For now, San Htay said she would wait and see what kind of land the government would provide for those without the monetary means to take an initial offer put to displaced residents of Kale Township.

"They [authorities in Kale] told us we have to deposit at least 250,000 kyats [US$195] to get a small plot of land to stay on, but those who have money have to pay 500,000 [kyats] all at once, up front. But I do not have money, and so I have not enrolled to deposit money," she said.

For many victims of the high waters here, the uncertainty is not just about finding a new place to live. Along with homes, paddy fields have been inundated, and with this an economic engine for the region and vital source of livelihoods has been imperiled.

More than 300 households in Maw Lite village have been abandoned, with a lack of potable water and an all-covering residual mud keeping its former inhabitants away for the time being—and maybe for good.

Though it was a stretch for him financially, 68-year-old Tin Win said he had already paid the 500,000 kyats required of some to get a small plot of land to stay on.

"I can't really afford it, but I have to think about my children's future. So, I paid it," he told The Irrawaddy.

Like San Htay, Tin Win returned to Maw Lite village, joining a humanitarian aid convoy from Rangoon that was delivering supplies to the region. Visiting his abandoned home, Tin Win said the scene was without personal precedent.

"Our grandfather was 90 years old, and died in that house," he said. "As I remember it, even he had never had such a terrible experience as we are having now."

As the waters swiftly inundated Maw Lite, Tin Win had little time to gather his belongings before fleeing to higher ground. With waters rising above the entryway, Tin Win was forced to punch a hole through his roof to retrieve spare clothes.

"I lost 600 baskets of [rice] paddy," he said, pointing his finger toward the storehouse where the rotting rice remained.

Moving Day

About 150 families from neighboring Pauk Khaung village who have been staying in a temporary camp at the entrance of Kale town will soon be relocated, according to those displaced.

They too have lived for a month along the main road at the entrance of Kale, their village also hard-hit by the flooding. But rather than to offer the displaced greater certainty, it is safety that has prompted authorities to instruct the families to move; three children have been involved in car accidents since the roadside settlement was established.

"It is not safe for us to stay along the road. This is why they told us to relocate to another place," said San Yee, a woman from Paung Khaung who has been staying along the highway in what amounts to a wall-less raised platform covered by tarpaulin.

"Cars are trying to avoid having accidents, but there are many kids here," she added.

Pauk Khaung village was decimated by the flood, and as is a common refrain in Kale, the villagers still do not know when they might return to their homes. The authorities in Kale have hired locals to help resettle the roadside camp at a football field in Tharyarwaddy village, a 20-minute drive from the town of Kale.

The UN said last week that more than $75 million would be required through December to meet the needs of the hundreds of thousands of people affected by the floods. For many in Kale Township and elsewhere, foremost on their Maslowian list of unmet needs is a place to call home.

 

 

 

The post No Quick Fixes for Kale's Flood-Displaced appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

National News

National News


Muslim candidates fear no shot at the polls

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 08:34 PM PDT

With the finalised candidate list expected to be released today, barred Muslim election hopefuls fear not a single one of them will be left to contend the looming polls, leaving no one to represent what many estimate is Myanmar's largest religious minority.

Vote-buying reports pervade ahead of campaigning

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 08:31 PM PDT

Just two days before election campaigns officially begin, accusations of bribery are already flying in Nay Pyi Taw.

Daw Suu woos ethnic voters in Pao zone

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 08:24 PM PDT

After spurning constituency-splitting deals with many ethnic minority parties, the opposition National League for Democracy yesterday attempted to woo the ethnic voting base.

More fishermen return from Indonesia

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 08:21 PM PDT

Over 100 Myanmar fishermen who were stuck in Indonesia's Ambon Island for at least eight months were repatriated on September 6.

Detailed assessments to form relief strategy

Posted: 06 Sep 2015 08:06 PM PDT

How much damage did the July-August floods really do? That will be the focus of a Recovery Coordination Work Committee meeting today, which will examine new detailed impact reports for each state and region.

Saturday, September 5, 2015

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


Garment Factories Downsize in Response to Minimum Wage

Posted: 04 Sep 2015 07:19 PM PDT

 

Garment factory workers stage a demonstration calling for wage increases in February 2015. (Photo: The Irrawaddy)

Garment factory workers stage a demonstration calling for wage increases in February 2015. (Photo: The Irrawaddy)

RANGOON — At least one factory has shut down, and several others have reduced their workforces and cut allowances, following the government's adoption of a minimum wage.

Ahead of the introduction of a 3,600 kyats (US$2.80) minimum wage, which took effect on Sept. 1, the Sabel Pwint Garment Factory in Rangoon's Hlaing Tharyar Industrial Zone closed its doors. It is believed the company provided termination payments to all of its 237 employees.

They submitted an application for closure on Aug. 26," said an official from the Ministry of Labor, Employment and Social Security, who requested anonymity. "It said it would cease operations on Aug. 31 and compensate all employees according to the law. Employees have so far not filed complaints."

Before the minimum wage was finalized, following two years of discussions, some garment factories based in Hlaing Tharyar cut their workforces in anticipation of the changes. At least 97 employees of the Shwe Hsan Yi canvas bag factory were made redundant in July, while the Asia Rose garment factory laid off 190 workers.

Garment factory owners lobbied against the 3,600 kyats minimum wage, set by the government after tripartite negotiations with labor unions and employer representatives, but there have been differing views of its potential impact on businesses.

"A 3,600 kyats minimum wage might impact upon outsourcers in the future, but it is unlikely to directly affect garment factories which operate independently and receive orders from buyersdirectly," said Myat San Win, owner of the UMH garment factory.

Factory owners said they were also dealing with a range of additional costs that were eating into profit margins, including the tripling of electricity bills as a result of generator use during power cuts, higher rents, inadequate port and transport facilities, a short supply of skilled laborers and low workforce retention.

The current Minimum Wage Law also has its critics among labor activists. Aung Lin, chairman of the Burma Trade Union Federation, said that a provision allowing employers to hire employees on a three-month internship and a further three-month probationary period allowed firms to hire and fire as they pleased

"They may take advantage of this provision to sack employees who engage in labor rights activities," he said. "[But] we'll monitor the actions of employers and help employees in line with the law."

Employees have expressed concern that companies will cut other allowances as a consequence of the new minimum wage.

"Some garment factories in the Mingaladon Industrial Zone have stopped providing meal," said Phyo Zin Kyaw, a garment factory worker. "Some no longer provide ferry services. Some have increased their workload. And some workers have quit of their own volition because of these changes."

The minimum wage will be applied across all industries in Burma, with exemptions for small and family-owned businesses employing less than 15 people. Overtime is paid at double rates.

 

The post Garment Factories Downsize in Response to Minimum Wage appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Scrapping Indonesia’s Bullet Train Leaves Top Investors Confused

Posted: 04 Sep 2015 06:59 PM PDT

 Attendants pose for a photo beside the models of a high-speed train during at an August exhibition in Jakarta. (Photo: Rivan Awal Lingga / Antara Foto & Reuters)

Attendants pose for a photo beside the models of a high-speed train during at an August exhibition in Jakarta. (Photo: Rivan Awal Lingga / Antara Foto & Reuters)

JAKARTA — Indonesia’s 11th-hour decision to scrap plans for the nation’s first high-speed railway has sown confusion among top investors from China and Japan, potentially undermining the strong foreign investment that has been a rare economic bright spot.

China and Japan had been battling over the multi-billion dollar contract, until it was abruptly pulled in what appeared to be the latest in a series of regulatory flip-flops and erratic policy-making moves under President Joko Widodo.

Indonesia’s chief economics minister was left to explain to the two Asian giants on Friday the reason why Jakarta decided at the last-minute that a bullet train was no longer viable for Southeast Asia’s largest economy.

“It looks like a sudden move because the recommendation was made after a review of both proposals,” Teten Masduki, presidential chief of staff, told Reuters. “But the recommendation is in the best interest of the country.”

Tokyo and Beijing had lobbied heavily for the $5 billion contract, each sweetening the terms of their bids up until Monday’s deadline.

Analysts believed that whoever had won would likely have been the front-runner for future high-speed rail projects in Asia, including one linking Kuala Lumpur and Singapore.

“It was the recommendation from independent consultants that suggested to the government that a medium-speed rail was a better option because the cost is cheaper and the time of the journey isn’t much longer,” Masduki said.

President Widodo announced late Thursday that a bullet train between the capital Jakarta and the textile town of Bandung was unnecessary, since it would never reach its maximum speed of more than 300 km (188 miles) per hour in between station stops.

The administration instead advocated a slower train for the 150 km journey and asked China, Japan, and others to submit new proposals.

“Consequently, both proposals extended by our government and the Chinese government are not accepted,” Yasuaki Tanizaki, Japan’s ambassador to Indonesia, told reporters on Friday. “I have expressed my regrets.”

The train was initially intended to be the first instalment of a 763 km rail link connecting Indonesia’s two biggest cities, Jakarta and Surabaya. The presidential palace said it still wanted to build a bullet train covering the entire Java island.

A Chinese embassy official in Jakarta declined to comment until more information was provided by Indonesia.

“The project was a priority for China because it would have been one of the first and most visible manifestations of President Xi Jinping’s ‘One Belt, One Road’ overseas investment drive,” said Tom Rafferty, Beijing-based analyst at the Economist Intelligence Unit.

“Chinese firms have not always been sensitive to political risk in foreign markets but on this occasion the lobbying and marketing effort was extensive. The decision therefore seems likely to dim China’s confidence in the Indonesian market.”

Japanese ambassador Tanizaki said he did not think Thursday’s decision would affect Japan’s investment in the country. He said Tokyo was waiting for details on the medium-speed rail project before deciding whether to participate.

The road to Thursday’s decision was particularly bumpy for Tokyo, which had initially believed it won the contract in March after completing a more than $3 million feasibility study. But Indonesia decided to invite other offers in order to get the best deal.

Japan is Indonesia’s second largest investor and is no stranger to the uncertainty surrounding major infrastructure projects in the world’s fourth most populous country.

Japanese firms have been waiting four years to build a $4 billion coal-fired power plant, Southeast Asia’s biggest, and were told by President Widodo last week that construction was now set to start.

But obstacles still stand in the way with dozens of landowners refusing to give up their paddy fields, leaving investors still uncertain on when ground will finally be broken.

“The cumulative effect of delays on a number of projects could send a bad signal to investors,” said Paul Rowland, a Jakarta-based political analyst. “It’s clear that the president is frustrated with the pace of things.”

 

The post Scrapping Indonesia’s Bullet Train Leaves Top Investors Confused appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

The Irrawaddy Business Roundup (Sept. 5, 2015)

Posted: 04 Sep 2015 05:10 PM PDT

A traffic officer in downtown Rangoon (Photo: Steve Tickner / The Irrawaddy)

A traffic officer in downtown Rangoon (Photo: Steve Tickner / The Irrawaddy)

ADB Warns Over Traffic as Rangoon's Circle Line Gets Funding Boost

As Rangoon's roads become more clogged with cars by the week, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has issued a warning to countries across the Asian continent on the economic drag caused by endemic traffic congestion in major cities.

The bank's warning comes alongside the news that the Japanese government will put more funding into upgrading the city's circular railway line. However, more ambitious public transport projects have not yet been agreed.

Burma's biggest city has seen a surge in the number of vehicles since import restrictions were relaxed in 2011 as part of a wider economic reform program that has also seen Rangoon awash with new money—much of which is used to import cars, mainly from Japan and Thailand.

According to a Myanmar Times report earlier this year, 430,000 of the country's 640,000 registered vehicles—including cars, buses and trucks—are in the former capital. Most visitors who have sat in road clogged with white Toyota Proboxes will not be surprised that the number includes some 57,000 taxis, according to the Times.

An article posted on the ADB's website this week said that such traffic problems are holding back economic growth across the region, as well as contributing to climate change.

"Road congestion already costs Asian economies an estimated 2-5 percent of their gross domestic product every year due to lost time and higher transport costs," the bank said, adding that concerns over traffic were not just economic.

"The region's cities suffer from the highest air pollution levels in the world with as much as 80 percent attributable to transport. Health problems due to air pollution, such as respiratory diseases, cost many Asian developing countries 2-4 percent of their gross domestic product."

The article went on to say that ADB would be supporting railway and inland waterway projects across the region. Through its so-called Sustainable Transport Initiative, the "ADB will be promoting business models capable of realizing the potential competitiveness of these modes of transport within the public sector, privately, or through public-private partnerships."

In Rangoon, the Japanese aid agency, JICA, has taken the lead in funding new public transportation schemes. The agency has proposed the city build a subway system, and even suggested it might fund the project, but the plan is reportedly still under discussion.

In the meantime, attention is being focussed on turning the rickety circular railway line into a modern urban transport system. The Global New Light of Myanmar reported early this week that JICA would provide a $207 million loan for upgrades, including new trains from Japan, under an agreement that had not yet been signed. Reuters reported Thursday that the plan had been approved.

"The upgrade will see journey times cut by half," the state-run newspaper quoted Myanma Railways senior general manager (inspections) Ba Myint as saying.

The project also involves installing new technology on the circle line, and is scheduled to be completed by 2021, the report said.

Analysts See Post-Election Bounce for Property Market

While Rangoon's real estate market has slowed down in recent months, a planned expansion of the city could help ensure it bounces back after elections in November, according to analysts at the Oxford Business Group.

The UK-based firm said in an update on the construction sector this week that property values have started to come down after a surge in recent years as demand exploded against a backdrop of severely limited residential and office space. It said new residential properties coming on the market "may have tipped the balance towards an excess of supply in some segments" and that demand for new apartments—which are usually bought "off-plan", or while construction is still underway—had cooled.

"Sales of units to investors as either rental properties or on speculation of a continued rise in prices have also dropped amidst uncertainty ahead of the November elections," the update said.

However, Oxford Business Group pointed to a government plan to extend the city's urban area outwards, which it said would support the property market. City officials have announced plans to build seven new urban areas around the city, with a development in the northeast of the city worth almost $400 million already proposed, it said.

Once the elections are over, the group foreign interest in the property market is predicted to return.

"The government has also moved to allay concerns and boost confidence in the construction and real estate sectors, pledging to compensate investors and developers for losses incurred after the cancellation of five developments near the Shwedagon Pagoda, where construction was blocked on concerns the projects would affect the views of the temple or damage its foundations," said the update.

"Despite the cancellations, the successful launch of Yangon's urban expansion program may mean concerns over Myanmar's property development industry are short-lived."

PTT Offloads Stakes in Onshore Exploration Blocks

The Thai state-owned oil company PTT has offloaded 20 percent of its two Burmese onshore oil and gas exploration blocks, according to an announcement to the Stock Exchange of Thailand.

PTT Exploration and Production (PTTEP) president and CEO Tevin Vongvanich said in a note to the bourse on Aug. 31 that the decision to sell off part of its Burmese interests was "part of PTTEP's strategy in portfolio management, aiming to both add value to the project and manage risk."

Global energy prices have slumped this year, raising concerns that oil and gas exploration activity underway in both offshore and onshore Burmese areas may be less likely to lead to production.

PTTEP's divestment is offset, however, by the fact is also involved in the already-producing Zawtika offshore gas field and another offshore field where gas had been located.

According to the note this week, subsidiary PTTEP South Asia Limited previously held a 90 percent stake in both the onshore blocks, known as PSC-G and EP2, which cover 13,330 and 1,345 square kilometers, respectively, and are both located in the area of the Irrawaddy River basin.

A 10 percent stake in each of the blocks has been sold to Japan's Mitsui Oil Exploration Co. Ltd, MOECO, the note said.

The same stakes have also been transferred to a Thai company named PALANG SOPHON OFFSHORE PTE. LTD. The company does not appear to have a website, but is also involved in oil and gas exploration in the Thai waters in the Gulf of Thailand.

"The transaction was approved by the government of Republic of the Union of Myanmar," the announcement said.

Local partner Win Precious Resources retains a 10 percent stake in the two blocks. The Burmese company is an affiliate of Myanmar Precious Resources Group, which boasts on its website interests in gold mining, jade mining and "producing crude oil from shallow wells."

Indian Firm Hired By 'Luxembourg' Oil Explorer

An oil and gas company linked to a mysterious Kazakh entrepreneur has hired Indian firm Alphageo to conduct 2D seismic surveys in a deal worth $3 million, according to an Indian media report.

The Economic Times reported Wednesday that a Dubai subsidiary of Alphageo had been hired by CAOG, a company officially listed in Luxembourg that was awarded one of 16 onshore oil and gas exploration blocks in a 2013 tender.

CAOG is one of a handful of companies that raised eyebrows in Burma's recent oil and gas tenders when it was awarded the rights to explore the block known as MOGE 4 in Sagaing Division. UK-based campaign group Global Witness highlighted the company for not providing any details of its ownership on request.

According to a report in the Financial Times last year, CAOG is linked to Shyngys Kulzhanov through the Kazakh's group of companies known as Berlanga Group, which also won one of Burma's offshore exploration blocks.

"The 44-year-old Mr Kulzhanov, who is listed as having an address in London's Belgravia, developed oil and gas interests in Kazakhstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union," the Financial Times reported.

"He focused on the lucrative export market for energy to fuel the rapid growth of neighbouring China, playing a part in deals such as a 2009 venture with Xinjiang Guanghui Industry to send gas for liquefaction over the border."

Thai Construction Contractor Sets Up Burma Subsidiary

Christiani & Nielsen (Thai) Plc, a Bangkok-listed company, has reportedly opened a new subsidiary in Burma in the hope of joining the country's construction boom.

The Bangkok Post reported comments from assistant managing director Surasak Osathanugraha regarding the new venture named CN Myanmar. He said the company had moved in when one of its customers in Thailand was looking to build a factory in Burma, the report said.

"Company activities are now limited to project management and supervising difficult or risky tasks, generating tens of millions of baht in fee-based revenue," the Post reported.

"CN Myanmar will have registered capital of US$50,000, the minimum required for a foreign firm in that country, before increasing amid the high number of construction jobs expected."

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