Tuesday, May 7, 2019

The Irrawaddy Magazine

The Irrawaddy Magazine


Raided Cannabis Farm Was Approved to Grow Hemp, Legal Adviser Says

Posted: 07 May 2019 07:17 AM PDT

MANDALAY—A legal adviser for a U.S. citizen detained on suspicion of illegally growing cannabis said his client was in fact growing industrial hemp with permission from the regional government.

"The plantation was not secret. It was officially approved by the government and established with the agreement of Myotha Industrial Zone as a test plantation," said U Khin Maung Than, legal adviser to III M Global Nutraceutical Company, after a court session on Tuesday.

U.S. citizen John Fredric Todoroki, 63, was arrested with fellow III M Global Nutraceutical employees Ko Shane Latt, 37, and Ma Shunlae Myat Noe, 23, on April 24 under the Anti-Narcotics Law for allegedly operating a marijuana plantation in Myotha Industrial Park of Myinchan District, Mandalay Division.

Authorities are seeking another American, Alexander Skemp Todoroki, 49, in connection with the case. He is outside the country and has yet to appear in court.

The three were arrested after an April Facebook post about the alleged marijuana plantation was widely circulated among Myanmar users of the social media platform.

"The incident happened because of the posts shared on Facebook. The Ministry of Home Affairs and the Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control need to do more research and investigation, because many countries accept and permit the cultivation of industrial hemp," he added.

The Central Committee for Drug Abuse Control (CCDAC) announced that it was responsible for the arrests at the 20-acre plantation following the bust.

The CCDAC said it had seized over 300,000 marijuana plants, 380 kg of marijuana seeds, formic acid, acetone, acetonitrile concort water, methonal liquid, 270.5 kg of dried marijuana and related chemicals and materials.

On the same day, the Ministry of Home Affairs announced that the investigation team had found hemp-like plants believed to have the same content as marijuana, and that some chemicals and materials had been seized. It said the plantation appeared to be intended to produce treatments for cancer sufferers.

The legal adviser told the media that the authorities needed to do more research on the plants to determine whether they are hemp or marijuana plants. Both hemp and marijuana are strains of the cannabis plant species, but only marijuana has sufficient levels of psychoactive chemicals to produce the drug marijuana.

"They were being sued under the Anti-Narcotics Law based on these hemp plants, which the police said are [a strain of] the cannabis species. The police and the authorities should know about the strains and the concentrations of the chemicals [they contain] and will need expert research on these plants," said U Khin Maung Than.

"Moreover, our country has no laws for suing someone who plants industrial hemp. The law only prohibits planting cannabis that can be used as a drug," he added.

The three detainees were taken from Myinchan Prison to the court in Ngazun Township on Tuesday, where prosecutors requested they be held in remand for two weeks. The first hearing in their trial was scheduled for May 21 at Myinchan District Court.

"We hope they will be released soon and that the authorities will learn more about hemp, which could benefit farmers," the lawyer said.

About 60 acres of land for the plantation were leased from Mandalay Myotha Industrial Development Public Co., Ltd (MMID) by U.S. citizens John Fredric, Thomas and Alexander  Skemp.

The post Raided Cannabis Farm Was Approved to Grow Hemp, Legal Adviser Says appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

NRPC, Karenni Rights Groups Still Struggle to Resolve Aung San Statue Debate

Posted: 07 May 2019 06:22 AM PDT

While some major headway was made, local rights activists and members of the National Reconciliation and Peace Centre (NRPC) remained unable to reach final agreement at a meeting on Tuesday over a controversial statue of Gen. Aung San in the town in Loikaw, the Karenni State capital, according to activists that attended the meeting.

Ultimately, the state government said that they would remove the statue, but asked for more time to work out the details, according to Kuhn Thomas, another leader among the activist group present at the meeting.

“The chief minister said at the meeting that he will try to find land to resettle the statue,” said Khun Thomas.

Dee De, a leading local rights activist who participated in the meeting, said both sides agreed to form a committee to continue negotiating the statue's future.

The eight-member committee will include one government representative; two lawmakers, one from the upper and one from the lower house; two religious leaders; two political party representatives; and one lawyer.

"Both sides agreed to form the committee," Dee De said.

Both sides also agreed to a finalized timeframe for negotiations, with another meeting on May 14 and, if needed, a final meeting on May 31, he said. According to Kuhn Thomas, the next meeting will focus on the statue’s relocation.

The meeting almost ended halfway through when local rights activists threatened to stop participating in the face of state government recalcitrance, but the two sides eventually agreed on the formation of the new joint committee to continue negotiations.

The Karenni have their own history their own ethnic leaders, they say, so they don't need the statue of Gen Aung San, which they feel is a symbol of the dominant roles the interests and identity of the Burmese majority plays in the country, to the disadvantage of ethnic minorities. To them, it's also a symbol of what they see as the yet-unfulfilled promises made by the assassinated general and the Panglong Agreement of 1947.

The activists condemned Kayah State Chief Minister L Phaung Sho and his government for the building of the statue, but the state government denies involvement, insisting the statue was built by an independent group.

People in Kayah State held a large protest in February asking for the statue to be taken down but the state government refused, offering instead to broker negotiations between rights activists and a pro-statue group. When those negotiations broke down, the NRPC became involved.

Today's was the NRPC's second meeting. The first was held in March, where the two sides were unable to reach an agreement.

"They told us that the statue of Gen. Aung San has a unifying spirit — that he was a national hero, an architect of the country's independence, so they could not let us remove it," Dee De said.

"Our revolution has not ended yet. I want to inform our people to cooperate with us to fight for our rights," he added. "We're the only people that can work for our history and our national issue."

The post NRPC, Karenni Rights Groups Still Struggle to Resolve Aung San Statue Debate appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

State Gov’t Requests $21M for IDPs in N. Rakhine

Posted: 07 May 2019 05:50 AM PDT

YANGON—The Rakhine State government has requested 3.3 billion kyats (US$21 million) from the Union government to establish a shelter for 33,000 locals displaced by conflict in northern Rakhine State, according to regional minister U Win Myint.

Fighting has been ongoing between the Arakan Army and government troops in the area since January, and the number of IDPs has been on the rise since. But with insufficient humanitarian assistance from the state and Union governments for the displaced Rakhine villagers, local civil society groups and respected influential monks from state capital Sittwe on Monday urged the state government to provide aid and proper shelter to the internally displaced persons (IDPs).

Municipal affairs minister for Rakhine State U Win Myint explained that his cabinet submitted a proposal for 21 million kyats in aid in late April. According to him, authorities estimate the total IDP population reached about 33,000 in April.

The authorities had already designated 710 structures to be used to house approximately 33,000 IDPs in six townships, but a recent surge in the number of displaced poses bigger challenges for the state authorities. According to the Rakhine Ethnic Congress (REC), the total IDP population has now reached 37,000 and this does not include displaced locals in Chin State's Paletwa Township which borders Rakhine to the north.

Minister U Win Myint said each structure is designed to have 10 rooms and will facilitate about 10 families. The project also includes the installation of a water supply and sanitation. Minister U Win Myint elaborated that several thousand of the displaced are living in temporary tents in paddy fields belonging to host communities. They will use the lands to establish the IDP camp and pay rental fees to the host community.

As of Tuesday it remains unclear whether the Union government has given the green light to the state cabinet. Minister U Win Myint said that Rakhine's Border Affairs Minister Col. Phone Tint might know Naypyitaw's response as he is now acting as chairperson of the state while the Rakhine Chief Minister U Nyi Pu is away from Sittwe.

Sittwe-based Wun Lark Foundation's U Khaing Kaung San said, "We hope the government will address the IDP shelter issue."

Relief worker Ko Zaw Zaw Tun from the REC also said that the IDP population is always going up and down. For instance, he said, villagers often temporarily take refuge at a monastery, community hall or school, but then return home when military troops leave their village or if there are no armed clashes. Most of the IDPs in Mrauk-U are staying at monasteries and schools but when the schools resume after summer break, the IDPs will be in trouble.

Displaced locals have been temporarily sheltering in neighboring villages, monasteries and community halls in six townships and mostly receive food from independent local relief groups, said U Khaing Kaung San.

"The living conditions of IDPs, especially in Rathedaung and Buthidaung, are very poor," he said.

The international relief agency World Food Program (WFP) and the International Crescent and Red Cross (ICRC) have been given limited permission by the military to organize shipments of aid in northern Rakhine while armed clashes continue to occasionally erupted in remote areas as well as along the Yangon-Sittwe highway.

The UN Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator Ursula Mueller is scheduled to visit Myanmar from May 9 to 15 and plans to travel to strife-torn northern Rakhine State, as well as Kachin and Shan states, in order observe the "first-hand humanitarian situation", "the impact of ongoing conflict and to discuss durable solutions for the displaced and vulnerable people living there."

The post State Gov't Requests $21M for IDPs in N. Rakhine appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Latest Presidential Amnesty Includes Dozens of EAO Members, Accused Associates

Posted: 07 May 2019 05:33 AM PDT

Dozens of political prisoners including two Reuters journalists, members of ethnic armed organizations and civilians accused of being affiliated with the EAOs were among 6,520 prisoners released in a third round of presidential pardons on Tuesday.

News of the third and final round of releases associated with Myanmar's traditional New Year, which fell on April 18 this year, was hailed across many sectors of society.

According to a statement announcing the May 7 presidential amnesty, the prisoners were released "without condition" as part of the Myanmar New Year and to help smooth the peace building process and national reconciliation.

From April 18 to May 7, President U Win Myint pardoned 23,019 prisoners, many of them convicted of violating drug laws, in particular drug convicts who were especially young or old.

The amnestied prisoners also included the two Reuters journalists Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo, who were convicted in September 2018 of violating the Official Secrets Act in relation to their coverage of the Rakhine conflict. Also freed were 27 members of three EAOs: the Shan State Progressive Party (SSPP), the Restoration Council of Shan State (RCSS) and the All Burma Students' Democratic Front (ABSDF), according to U Zaw Htay, the spokesman for the President's Office.

U Zaw Htay told reporters in Loikaw, the capital of Kayah State, on Tuesday that Ko Wa Lone and Ko Kyaw Soe Oo "were released in the best interest of the future of the country" after the State Counselor and the President received letters from their families at a meeting between media practitioners and the government, legislators and members of the judiciary in Naypyitaw on April 30.

"Ko Wa Lone and Ko Kyaw Soe Oo were released as they opted against any further appeal [to the Chief Justice] after losing their appeal to the Naypyitaw Supreme Court [on April 23]," said U Tate Naing, the secretary of the Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (AAPP).

He said the release of the journalists and other political prisoners was great news, as the AAPP had lobbied consistently for their release, and for an end to the practice of using charges such as the Official Secrets Act against journalists.

Families welcome loved ones released during the third round of presidential pardons in front of Insein Prison in Yangon on Tuesday. / Myo Min Soe / The Irrawaddy

"This is a belated action by the government and Myanmar benefits little from this action," said Ko Aung Zaw, the editor-in-chief of The Irrawaddy, regarding the release of the Reuters journalists, "but still good news."

"If the government released them last year, it would have been much better," he said, adding that they should not have been jailed in the first place.

He added, "The crackdown on the media is intensifying these days—this is also a worrying trend."

Media professionals in Myanmar have faced prosecution under various charges. Under the current government there have been 31 complaints brought against the media and currently 47 journalists are facing trial, the majority of them under the Telecommunications Act, according to Athan, a Yangon-based group that promotes freedom of expression. Just this week, the editor of a publication based in Sittwe, Rakhine State was sued under the Unlawful Association Act.

The RCSS requested the release of a total of 15 people—some of whom are civilians and some of whom are members of the group—through its peace implementation committee, according to spokesman Lieutenant-Colonel Sai Meng.

Among them, eight farmers from Hopong in Shan State were released: They were arrested on July 18, 2017 and accused of being affiliated with the RCSS and sentenced four to 10 years' imprisonment under the Communication Law, Export and Import Law, Arms Act and State Protection Act on Feb. 26 of last year.

For the sake of peace and reconciliation

Government spokesman U Zaw Htay, who is also a key peace negotiator, said the government released 27 people from the EAOs' prisoner lists as part of peace and national reconciliation efforts, after the National Reconciliation and Peace Center (NRPC) received requests from the three EAOs. The RCSS, SSPP and ABSDF sent lists comprising a total of 30 people believed to be in prison. The government scrutinized the lists and released 23, saying the rest were no longer in prison.

Two ABSDF members, U Aung Swe Oo and U Maung Oo, were sentenced to two years in prison on April 11. They were arrested on Nov. 30 last year and charged under the Unlawful Association Act's Article 17(1) after traveling to a conflict zone in Mohnyin Township, Kachin State to attend the funeral of a member of their organization. This is the second time the ABSDF has benefited from a presidential pardon; group member U Min Htay faced the same charge and sentence in Kachin State. He was arrested in December 2016, charged in 2017 and released the same year.

The AAPP secretary said that among the discharged were two boys—Mai Cho Min Htwe (aka Aik Yen) and Sai Aik Lone. They were released from Hnget Aw San Youth Rehabilitation Center in Yangon's Kawhmu Township, commonly known as the "children's prison", on Tuesday.

Families welcome loved ones released during the third round of presidential pardons in front of Insein Prison in Yangon on Tuesday. / Myo Min Soe / The Irrawaddy

Mai Cho Min Htwe, a student from Namhsam Township in Shan State, was arrested in Oct. 5, 2017 and sentenced to two years' detention under Article 17(1) of the Unlawful Association Act on Oct. 30 of that year for an alleged affiliation with the Ta'ang Nationalities Liberation Army. Sai Aik Lone from a village in southern Shan State was arrested in 2016 and convicted in 2018 under Article 17(1).

Four women from Mandalay who advocated for land rights were also released from Obo Prison in Mandalay, according to the AAPP. Land-rights activists Daw Mya Sint, Hnin Hayman Win, Ma Htay and Ma Chaw Su were arrested on June 18, 2018 and sentenced to one year and six months' imprisonment under Section 505(b) (incitement) of the Penal Code on Feb. 25, 2019.

Notably absent from Tuesday's amnesty list were Rakhine politician Dr. Aye Maung and author Ko Wai Hin Aung. They appealed to a higher court after the District Court of Sittwe on March 19 sentenced them to 20 years in prison for high treason and another two years for defamation, to be served concurrently.  They were arrested in January last year for remarks they made earlier that month at an event in Rathaetaung Township commemorating the 233rd anniversary of the fall of the Arakan Kingdom to the Burmese in 1785, and prosecuted in September.

According to U Tate Naing, the amnesties will bring a much-needed improvement to the prison situation by reducing the prisoner population, which currently far exceeds capacity. Myanmar's prisons were built to house some 62,000 inmates but currently hold more than 120,000 people, half of them drug inmates, he said.

There are more than 300 activists currently facing trial under various charges, including Article 66(d) of the Telecommunications Law, and 17(1) and 17(2) of the Unlawful Association Act, according to the AAPP.

In 2016, the NLD government included people facing trial in the amnesty, something former president U Thein Sein once did as well, so those who are currently facing charges should also be acquitted soon, U Tate Naing said.

As long as new charges are brought against journalists, political activists and local residents in conflict zones, the cycle of jailing political prisoners and releasing them under pardons will continue, he said.

The post Latest Presidential Amnesty Includes Dozens of EAO Members, Accused Associates appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Military to Investigate Deaths of 6 in Detention

Posted: 07 May 2019 04:40 AM PDT

NAYPYITAW—Deputy Minister for Defense Lieutenant-General Sein Win has promised there would be an investigation into the incident in which six locals in Rakhine State's Rathedaung Township were shot dead by soldiers of the Myanmar military, or Tatmadaw, during detention.

The deputy minister told reporters after an advisory forum on national reconciliation and peace held in Naypyitaw on Tuesday that an investigation is ongoing.

"We will investigate if the interrogation was conducted in line with procedures. We will take harsh actions if there was a violation of the rules of engagement. For the time being, I can't tell what actions will be taken. We'll wait and see the [results] of the investigation procedure. Actions will be taken in line with the law," said the deputy minister.

Military spokesperson Brigadier-General Zaw Min Tun said that an investigative body was formed on Friday with five individuals led by a senior military officer, and that community elders, departmental officials and security forces would be questioned.

"We have not set the deadline for the investigation, but according to procedures, the report has to be submitted within two weeks of the [completion of the] investigation," said Brig-Gen Zaw Min Tun.

On April 30, military troops arrived at Kyauktan Village in Rathedaung and summoned all male residents above the age of 15. They then interrogated 275 people at the local school on suspicion of having ties to the Arakan Army (AA).

Six locals were shot dead while in military detention at around 2:00 a.m. on Thursday in an incident which, according to the military, happened after the detainees attempted to snatch guns from the soldiers.

Eight others were wounded and four are missing, a military press release said.

Meanwhile, however, the detainees who were injured in the incident and admitted to Sittwe General Hospital have given a different account. According to them, one man who was frightened during the ongoing detention jumped over the fence and escaped.

Soldiers fired at the escapee and more than 200 others stood up to see what was happening. Unexpectedly, soldiers surrounded them from both sides and fired into the crowd, they said.

Of the 275 detainees, 126 were released on May 2 and 48 on May 6. With six shot dead, eight receiving treatment in hospital in Sittwe, and four missing, 83 are being held by the military at present, said Brig-Gen Zaw Min Tun.

Rathedaung Township Lower House lawmaker Daw Khin Saw Wai encouraged the government to make the investigation into the case, expressing her doubts about the military's explanation of the events.

Locals said that Buddhist funeral rites were also denied for the victims.

"They should be allowed to be cremated according to Buddhist funeral rites. [Their family members] are quite sad that the funeral rites were not conducted," Daw Khin Saw Wai told The Irrawaddy.

An influential Buddhist monk from Sittwe was allowed to see the detainees on Monday, and Daw Khin Saw Wai and a party are travelling to Kyauktan Village on Tuesday with the approval of the government.

Civilians have been detained by both the military and Arakan Army troops in the clashes.

Brig-Gen Zaw Min Tun told reporters on May 3 that the AA has detained 134 civilians.

On Tuesday, Human Rights Watch called for the Myanmar authorities to independently investigate the killing of the detainees, despite the military having formed their own team to investigate the incident. The rights group said the army has a long history of failing to effectively or credibly investigate alleged abuses by its own forces and rarely holds military personnel accountable.

"The Myanmar military concedes that they killed six villagers that they were holding in Rakhine State, but only a genuinely independent investigation will get to the bottom of what happened," said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch. "An independent and impartial investigation is needed to bring to justice anyone responsible for wrongdoing."

The post Military to Investigate Deaths of 6 in Detention appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

India’s Modi Flies Over Cyclone-Ravaged East, Promises Millions to Rebuild

Posted: 06 May 2019 10:35 PM PDT

BHUBANESWAR, India—Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi saw for himself the damage wreaked by a powerful cyclone on Monday, pledging an extra 10 billion rupees ($144 million) to the hardest-hit state of Odisha, where hundreds of thousands returned home from shelters.

Cyclone Fani killed at least 34 people in India, destroying houses, ripping off roofs and knocking down electricity poles.

Early warnings from meteorologists helped authorities evacuate more than a million people from low-lying towns, minimizing the death toll from the strongest storm in 43 years to pummel India’s east coast.

Modi flew by helicopter over battered towns and villages where thousands of rescue workers and volunteers were sifting through the debris.

“Before the cyclone, we had released 381 crore (3.81 billion rupees) to Odisha and we will now give an additional 1,000 crore (10 billion rupees) for relief and rebuilding efforts of the state,” Modi said.

He also announced financial compensation for victims.

Modi said his officials would work closely with the state government to rebuild infrastructure.

Chief minister of the state, Naveen Patnaik, has demanded a long-term package worth 170 billion rupees from the central government to build disaster-resistant infrastructure, the state government said.

Modi, who is busy campaigning in India’s 39-day staggered general election, last week chaired meetings in New Delhi to oversee efforts to deal with the storm. India’s seven-phase election began on April and voters in Odisha have already cast their ballots.

Tens of thousands of people remained without electricity in the state capital Bhubaneswar and the Hindu temple town of Puri after the storm made landfall on Friday.

Power has been restored to airports and hospitals. Bhubaneswar airport had resumed flights, state government officials said.

In a letter addressed to Odisha Chief Minister Naveen Patnaik, the Dalai Lama, the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, pledged 1 million rupees ($14,400) to Odisha.

After battering India, Fani barrelled into neighbouring Bangladesh on Saturday as a much weaker storm, killing at least five people.

By Monday, more than a million Bangladeshis had returned to their homes from cyclone shelters, officials said.

The post India’s Modi Flies Over Cyclone-Ravaged East, Promises Millions to Rebuild appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

‘Very Pleased and Delighted’: Thai King Wraps Up Three-Day Coronation Events

Posted: 06 May 2019 10:13 PM PDT

BANGKOK—Thailand’s King Maha Vajiralongkorn greeted thousands of his subjects from a balcony of his Grand Palace on Monday, the third and final day of coronation ceremonies.

The king and queen were greeted with a band playing the royal anthem and a 21-gun salute.

The monarch and new Queen Suthida waved to a large crowd wearing yellow, the color associated with the king, and waving flags in a royal audience, a day after a grand procession through Bangkok.

“I and the Queen are very pleased and delighted to see all the citizens together to express goodwill for my coronation,” he told them in his speech, thanking citizens for their blessings and wishing them happiness and success.

“May the unity in expressing your goodwill to me today be a good start for everyone, every party to unify your duties for the prosperity of our country.”

The three branches of the armed forces saluted the king before the prime minister and the crowd chanted, “Long live the king!”

The king then met foreign ambassadors and thanked them for their attendance, concluding the coronation ceremonies.

The coronation started on Saturday, after a long period of official mourning for the king’s revered father, who died in October 2016 after having reigned for 70 years.

On Sunday, the king was carried through the streets on a gilded palanquin for the royal procession. Well-wishers, all wearing yellow, gathered from early morning along the 7 km (4 mile) route from the Grand Palace to three royal temples.

Since becoming king 18 months ago, Vajiralongkorn has moved to consolidate the authority of the monarchy, including taking more direct control of the crown's vast wealth with the help of the military government.

The post ‘Very Pleased and Delighted’: Thai King Wraps Up Three-Day Coronation Events appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Two Reuters Reporters Jailed in Myanmar Freed After More Than 500 Days

Posted: 06 May 2019 09:51 PM PDT

YANGON—Two Reuters journalists jailed in Myanmar after they were convicted of breaking the Official Secrets Act walked free from a prison on the outskirts of Yangon on Tuesday after spending more than 500 days behind bars.

The two reporters, Wa Lone, 33, and Kyaw Soe Oo, 29, had been convicted in September and sentenced to seven years in jail, in a case that raised questions about Myanmar’s progress toward democracy and sparked an outcry from diplomats and human rights advocates.

President U Win Myint has pardoned thousands of other prisoners in mass amnesties since last month. It is customary in Myanmar for authorities to free prisoners across the country around the time of the traditional New Year, which began on April 17.

Reuters has said the two men did not commit any crime and had called for their release.

Swamped by media and well-wishers as they walked through the gates of Insein Prison, a grinning Wa Lone gave a thumbs up and said he was grateful for the international efforts to secure their freedom.

“I’m really happy and excited to see my family and my colleagues. I can’t wait to go to my newsroom,” he said.

Kyaw Soe Oo smiled and waved to reporters.

Before their arrest in December 2017, the two had been working on an investigation into the killing of 10 Rohingya Muslim men and boys by security forces and Buddhist civilians in western Myanmar’s Rakhine State during an army crackdown that began in August 2017.

The operation sent more than 730,000 Rohingya fleeing to Bangladesh, according to U.N. estimates.

The report the two men authored, featuring testimony from perpetrators, witnesses and families of the victims, was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for international reporting in May, adding to a number of accolades received by the pair for their journalism.

Calls to a spokesman for the Myanmar government were not immediately answered.

Reuters Editor-in-Chief Stephen J. Adler said he was thrilled with the news.

“We are enormously pleased that Myanmar has released our courageous reporters, Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo. Since their arrests 511 days ago, they have become symbols of the importance of press freedom around the world. We welcome their return," Adler said.

'Months of dialogue'

Myanmar’s Supreme Court had rejected the journalists’ final appeal in April. They had petitioned the country’s top court, citing evidence of a police set-up and lack of proof of a crime, after the Yangon High Court dismissed an earlier appeal in January.

The reporters’ wives wrote a letter to the government in April pleading for a pardon, not, they said, because their husbands had done anything wrong, but because it would allow them to be released from prison and reunited with their families.

The Reuters journalists were released at the prison to Lord Ara Darzi, a British surgeon and health care expert who has served as a member of an advisory group to Myanmar's government on reforms in Rakhine State, and a Reuters representative.

“This outcome shows that dialogue works, even in the most difficult of circumstances," Darzi said.

In a statement, Darzi said discussions about the pardon for Wa Lone and Kyaw Soe Oo had involved the Myanmar government, Reuters, the United Nations and representatives of other governments but did not provide more details.

Darzi had informed Reuters this year of his efforts to secure the release of the two and the company was grateful for his role in making it happen, a Reuters spokesman said.

Darzi has been a member of an advisory commission that was formed to see through the advice from a panel headed by former U.N. chief Kofi Annan on solving the long-running conflict in Myanmar's western region in the state of Rakhine.

Rakhine State, on the Bay of Bengal, was the home to most Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. Hundreds of thousands fled to Bangladesh after a military-led crackdown on the region in 2017.

The post Two Reuters Reporters Jailed in Myanmar Freed After More Than 500 Days appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Monday, May 6, 2019

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KNPP, Kayah State Gov’t to Resume Regular Meetings

Posted: 06 May 2019 07:53 AM PDT

CHIANG MAI, Thailand—The Kayah State government and the Karenni National Progressive Party agreed to conduct regular monthly meetings to resolve issues related to regional peace and development during talks in Loikaw, the capital of Kayah State, in the presence of a Union-level delegation sent by the National Reconciliation and Peace Center (NRPC).

On Monday, the KNPP, state government and Union-level governmental delegation discussed ways of keeping their negotiation channels open. The Union-level peace negotiators were led by U Khin Zaw Oo, the secretary of the Peace Commission. Also present were Kayah State Chief Minister L Phaung Sho and the Myanmar military's Loikaw regional operations commander Brigadier General Myo Thant Naing. The KNPP delegation was led by its vice chairman, Khu Oo Reh.

"We agreed to hold effective monthly talks with the state government, which were suspended for about six months," said Nei Neh Plo, the KNPP spokesman. The talks focused on cooperation in the development, health and education sectors at the state level.

The KNPP and the state government conducted six monthly meetings from April to October last year but the discussions were halted following disputes about the military's additional deployment of troops in Kayah State, according to Nei Neh Plo.

He said they have been negotiating with the military on the issues, and thus it is hoped the continued monthly discussions with the state government, in which military delegates were included, would be able to help reduce the tensions.

These monthly meetings were first conducted last year after three KNPP soldiers and one civilian were allegedly murdered by Myanmar military, or Tatmadaw, troops at the regional operations command based in Loikaw in December 2017. The Tatmadaw is conducting an inquiry but there have not been any results from the investigation so far. The area has also seen frequent disputes over territorial control and troop deployments, which local people see as a threat against them.

The KNPP signed its first bilateral ceasefire in March 1995, but it broke down after three months. It entered bilateral ceasefire agreements in March 2012 and has since entered negotiations for the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement, but has yet to sign the pact. It was also a member of the now defunct United Nationalities Federal Council. Since two of its UNFC partners—the New Mon State Party and Lahu Democratic Union— signed the NCA in February 2018, the KNPP has entered into further negotiations with the Union government to be able to sign the NCA.

In March, they held formal talks in Naypyitaw with the NRPC and the military, and held three informal talks during the last six months, in November, January and early March, in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand.

The group will continue negotiations with the Union government's peace negotiators on signing the NCA and further talks are likely to happen later this month.

"The KNPP will continue the discussions to move forward on the NCA path and will keep the negotiations open with the government," said Nei Neh Plo.

U Hla Maung Shwe, an adviser to the government Peace Commission, who was at Monday's meeting, told The Irrawaddy that the KNPP and the Union-level peace negotiators were able to "build trust" and said that trust needed to be kept up and expanded to the state level.

The NRPC continues to hold peace talks with the non-signatories of the NCA aimed at securing their participation in the formal political dialogue.

U Hla Maung Shwe said that during the current two-month extension of the military's unilateral ceasefire in five military commands in Kachin and Shan states, their priority is on trust building between the EAOs and the government, including the military.

The post KNPP, Kayah State Gov't to Resume Regular Meetings appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Special Branch Sues Editor of Sittwe-Based Publication DMG

Posted: 06 May 2019 06:14 AM PDT

YANGON—The Home Affairs Ministry's Special Branch (SB) has opened a lawsuit against U Aung Min Oo, chief editor of Sittwe-based Development Media Group (DMG), under Article 17(2) of the Unlawful Association Act.

Article 17(2) stipulates that anyone who promotes or assists an unlawful association shall be punished by five years' imprisonment. DMG is the most popular publication among Arakanese readers, as it provides timely information about the ongoing armed skirmishes between the Arakan Army (AA) and the Myanmar military (or Tatmadaw), as well as about rights abuses in northern Rakhine.

As DMG's editor is currently not in Sittwe, Rakhine State's capital, No. 1 Sittwe police station summoned two reporters, Ko Nay Win San and Ko Thet Naing, for questioning on Sunday and Monday. U Aung Min Oo confirmed to The Irrawaddy via messenger that he has been sued by SB, but it remains unclear whether the lawsuit is related to DMG's coverage of the armed conflict in Rakhine.

No. 1 Sittwe Police Station chief Captain Aung Mya Oo confirmed the questioning and lawsuit to The Irrawaddy on Sunday.

"We are questioning them because SB has filed a case against the editor-in-chief U Aung Min Oo under 17 (2)," said the captain. But he refused to disclose the reason for the lawsuit because it's now in the questioning process.

Chief reporter Ko Nay Win San recalled that police inquired about the role of his editor, the name of the publisher, and the news organization's structure. The police did not provide the name of the plaintiff or the reason for the prosecution. Ko Nay Win San said he was aware of a case named "Aung Min Oo and responsible persons" of the publication in the police files.

According to him, the police offered only a brief explanation for the summons, saying it was related to DMG's news articles.

Ko Nay Win San was asked about the purpose of his feature "Moonless Night in Mrauk-U" published in early 2019 to mark the first anniversary of a deadly crackdown by police in Mrauk-U in January 2018 that killed seven protesters and wounded a dozen.

"I explained to them that the purpose of my story was to ensure that such a tragedy is never repeated," said Ko Nay Win San.

Another reporter, Ko Thet Naing, was also asked about DMG's reporting on a shooting incident by a military unit in Rathedaung Township's Tha Mee Hla village in January.

Monday's questioning lasted for about one hour, he said.

In a statement issued to mark World Press Freedom Day on May 3, State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi urged reporters to cover the news in line with journalistic ethics. In light of her comment, the DMG editor said, "Then what about indictments against journalists who cover [the issues] ethically?"

DMG is the third organization sued by the military and the military-controlled Home Affairs Ministry so far this year. The military recently sued The Irrawaddy online publication and Radio Free Asia (RFA) for defamation over their coverage of the armed clashes between Myanmar military troops and the AA group in northern Rakhine.

The Irrawaddy reporter Min Aung Khine contributed to this story from Sittwe.

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Second BRI Forum Roundup—How Myanmar Fares

Posted: 06 May 2019 05:37 AM PDT

YANGON— Despite global concerns about the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) causing unsustainable debt for countries involved, China managed to attract no less than 40 heads of state and delegates from 150 countries and 90 international organizations from around the world to Beijing for the Second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in late April.

During the two-day conference, China produced 283 deliverables. Chinese and Myanmar representatives, led by State Counselor Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, agreed to nine deliverables—including three bilateral agreements—which demonstrate the country's willingness to be involved in BRI projects in the future.

Chinese President Xi Jinping's signature foreign policy unveiled in 2013, the BRI is a grand vision to revive the historic Silk Road trade route and create a "21st-Century Maritime Silk Road." Ultimately planning to encompass nearly 70 countries and two-thirds of the world's population, it would create a network of trade routes from China to Europe passing through Central Asia, the Middle East and Russia.

Myanmar occupies a unique geographical position in the global BRI plan, lying at the junction of South Asia and Southeast Asia, and between the Indian Ocean and southwestern China's landlocked Yunnan province.

What about Myanmar?

After the Second Belt and Road Forum, China officially released 283 concrete results in six categories, namely initiatives proposed or launched by the Chinese side; bilateral and multilateral documents signed during or immediately before the forum; multilateral cooperation mechanisms under the forum framework; investment projects and project lists; financing projects; and projects by local authorities and enterprises.

Bilateral agreements

Before the BRI forum officially started, China's top economic planning agency, the National Development and Reform Commission of China (NDRC) signed a bilateral document, a cooperation plan on China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) 2019-2030 with the Ministry of Planning and Finance of Myanmar.

In September, a 15-point memorandum of understanding (MOU) for the CMEC was signed. The economic corridor is set to be part of the BRI and aims to construct basic infrastructure connecting key economic centers in Myanmar. Under the MOU, the governments agree to collaborate on projects in a number of sectors including basic infrastructure, construction, manufacturing, agriculture, transport, finance, human resources development, telecommunications, and research and technology.

The MOU outlined the agreement that the CMEC will promote cooperation on industry, transportation, energy, agriculture, a "digital silk road", finance, tourism, environmental protection, people-to-people exchanges, science and technology, personnel training, water resources and flood prevention and control, according to Myanmar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

The estimated 1,700-kilometer-long corridor will connect Kunming, the capital of China's Yunnan province, to Myanmar's major economic checkpoints—first to Mandalay in central Myanmar, and then east to Yangon and west to the Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (SEZ).

The Ministry of Commerce of China signed the MOU on the Formulation of the Five-Year Development Plan for Economic and Trade Cooperation with Myanmar's Ministry of Investment and Foreign Economic Relations in late April which aims to enhance cooperation in investment and productivity.

Myanmar and China also signed an agreement that outlines the countries' collaboration on the economy and technology.

Under an economic and technical cooperation agreement, China will provide a grant of 1 billion yuan (225 billion kyats, or US$148 million) for socioeconomic development projects particularly projects to improve people's livelihoods, feasibility studies for major projects and humanitarian assistance for internally displaced persons in northern Myanmar.

Multilateral cooperation at BRI forum

At the forum, eight countries including Myanmar jointly released a Statement of Intent for Cooperation on Promoting Specification-setting for Pesticide Quality under the Belt and Road Initiative.

As multilateral cooperation mechanisms under the BRI framework, China's ecology and environment ministry, along with 25 countries (including Myanmar) and international organizations (including the United Nations Environment Programme, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) launched the BRI International Green Development Coalition.

The coalition was proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping at the first Belt and Road Forum in May 2017. He spoke about the importance of promoting new philosophies of green development and enhancing cooperation in environmental protection and building an ecological civilization to achieve the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

China and the other member countries agree to support green development philosophies; work towards the 2030Agenda for Sustainable Development; push forward green and low-carbon construction, operation and management in infrastructure buildings; emphasize ecological civilization in investment and trade; and enhance cooperation in ecology, environment, biodiversity and addressing climate change, according to the BRI International Green Development Coalition.

According to China's state media China Daily, Shanghai Cooperation Organization Environmental Information Sharing Platform and Green Supply Chain Platform and another four sub-platforms will support Belt and Road member countries with environmental data such as information on environmental protection laws, regulations, standards, policies, concept, technical exchange and industry cooperation.

China officially announced the establishment of Belt and Road Energy Partnership (BREP) on the first day of the forum and Myanmar agreed to join along with 27 other Asian countries including Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Mongolia and Cambodia.

According to the documents, BREP aims to promote mutually beneficial energy cooperation, help countries jointly solve problems with energy development and to achieve shared development and prosperity. The BRI energy ministerial conference will be held every year and will initiate training projects for energy ministers and energy cooperation talent training as needed.

China and member countries also released Cooperation Principles and Concrete Actions of the Belt and Road Energy Partnership at the forum. The document said member countries are to enhance policy exchanges, build bilateral and multilateral project cooperation and technology exchange platforms and to promote pragmatic cooperation in the energy field.

Myanmar's Union Minister for Electricity and Energy U Win Khaing joined the Belt and Road Energy Ministerial Conference in Suzhou, China in October last year.

At the second BRI forum, over 30 countries and regions including Myanmar agreed to establish the International Commercial Dispute Prevention and Settlement Organization (ICDPASO) offered by the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade and China's Chamber of International Commerce.

Since August, the vice chairperson of the NDRC, Ning Jizhe told the media that China will strengthen legal risk prevention and control, and initiate the establishment of the BRI's international commercial dispute settlement mechanism and institutions.

Chinese media reported that cross-border commercial disputes in international trade accepted by China’s people’s courts have dramatically increased. China established International Commercial Courts in Shenzhen, Guangdong, and Xi’an, Shaanxi last year to deal with mainly international commercial disputes between equal commercial entities.

Under ICDPASO, China wants to adopt a “trinity” dispute settlement mechanism to mediate international commercial disputes and play a full role in mediation in resolving disputes with the wishes of the parties, members of the International Commercial Expert Committee and international commercial mediation agencies.

Investment projects and project lists

Except for these bilateral and multilateral agreements, Myanmar and China also signed CMEC project harvest lists and handed over the Feasibility Study Report of the Muse-Mandalay Railway.

According to the list of deliverables in the document, the Ministry of Planning and Finance of Myanmar and the NDRC signed a document on the early harvest projects list of the CMEC.

Myanmar's government has not officially publicized the list.

In December 2018, Mandalay Region Finance and Planning Minister U Myat Thu told The Irrawaddy that China proposed implementing 40 projects, but finally the two sides tentatively agreed to implement nine projects as part of the economic corridor project, including three economic cooperation zones in Kachin and Shan states.

In October, two state-owned companies—the China Railway Group Ltd. and Myanmar Railways—signed an MOU to conduct a feasibility study on the Mandalay Muse railway project, which itself is part of the CMEC, together.

The Mandalay-Muse railway project will be 431 kilometers (268 miles) long and pass through armed conflict areas in Shan State. China Railway Group Ltd. covered the full cost of the study, which will assess the environmental and social impacts of the proposed railway line.

According to the Ministry of Transport and Communications, the survey was carried out on the Naung Cho (Nawnghkio)-Lashio section of the railway between Jan. 6 and April 13 and the Lashio-Muse section between Jan. 15 and April 2.

Muse, which lies on Myanmar's border near China's Yunnan province, is the largest trade portal between the two nations. Mandalay is central Myanmar's commercial center and the country's second largest city. The railway is expected to become a lifeline for China-Myanmar trade.

Currently, Myanmar is implementing five priority transportation corridors. The Muse-Mandalay railway would be part of the South Transportation Corridor section of the Trans Asian Railway Network (TAR), a project implemented by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.

At the forum, China signed deals worth a total of more than $64 billion with several countries. It repeatedly reassured existing and potential partners that Beijing does not intend to saddle them with unsustainable debts and that it aims to benefit all parties involved in the initiative.

China signed 13 bilateral and 16 multilateral agreements with Asian nations, including Myanmar,

Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. However, there were no infrastructure projects included in those agreements. This second forum was completely different to the first BRI Forum held two years ago when most of the deals were related to bridges, railway links and roads.

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Endangered Irrawaddy Dolphin Population Decreases Further

Posted: 06 May 2019 04:37 AM PDT

MANDALAY—The discovery of the body of a young female Irrawaddy dolphin found in Thabeikyin Township, Mandalay Region on Saturday has further reduced the population of the increasingly rare dolphin breed from 72 to 71.

The carcass of the dolphin aged approximately one-year-old and measuring 1.2 meters (4 feet) in length was found floating in the river in Thabeikyin. It is believed to have died two or three days ago, according to the Wildlife Conservation Society Myanmar (WCS Myanmar).

"When we found the carcass, it was rotten and we could not tell exactly the cause of death. On the other hand, we can assume that electric fishing or other environmental matters, such as poisoning from pesticides or mercury waste from the gold mines, could be the cause of death," said U Han Win, the officer in charge of the Irrawaddy Dolphins Conservation team at WCS Myanmar and an official at the agriculture ministry's Department of Fisheries.

The death of this female Irrawaddy dolphin is the second one this year and brings the population down to 71.

"Only one death [among] these endangered species is already too much. We've conducted many education programs through WCS about conserving these Irrawaddy dolphins. However, this incident shows that locals—especially the fishermen—still need to follow the rules and regulations," he added.

Since 2005, a defined protection zone for the endangered Irrawaddy dolphins has been in place stretching along the Irrawaddy River between Mingun and Kyauk Myaung in Sagaing Region, covering around 370 kilometers (230 miles). In October 2018, another protection area spanning 100 kilometers (62 miles) was defined between Male and Shwe Gu townships.

The protection zones have strict measures in place to protect the dolphins, but rules go largely unenforced. Catching or killing dolphins is prohibited, as is trading their meat. A ban on electro-fishing and regulations on the types of nets permitted are also intended to protect the species, which is listed as critically endangered in Myanmar.

According to surveys conducted by WCS, the number of Irrawaddy dolphins found in the protection zone was fewer than 20 between 2007-2009. That number increased dramatically after 2010 to 86.

In 2014, the number declined to 63, shocking researchers. Over the course of the next four years, it rose again reaching 76 in 2018.

A WCS survey conducted in February this year stated that a total of 72 Irrawaddy dolphins were found in the survey area which involved the section of the Irrawaddy River from Mandalay to Bhamo in Kachin State.

Most of the deaths of the endangered species are attributed to electro-fishing, which is illegal in the country, said U Kyaw Hla Thein, site manager with the Irrawaddy Dolphins Conservation Team.

According to WCS Myanmar, 18 fishermen were arrested and brought to court and 50 fishing boats using electro-fishing methods were seized in 2018. This year, 61 villages in the wildlife protection zone along the river are undergoing training in conservation of the Irrawaddy dolphins.

"Despite threats of jail time and the education programs, the practice of electro-fishing and the use of gill nets, especially in the protection zones, are still happening. Environmental issues such as pollution are still a threat to the lifeline of the dolphins," U Kyaw Hla Thein said.

"Many local civil society groups and activists are also involved in conservation and the knowledge to protect these endangered species is dramatically rising. However, there is still not enough cooperation from the local community."

As well as Myanmar, Irrawaddy dolphins can also be found in the Mekong River in Cambodia and Laos, and in Mahakham in Indonesia, according to WCS Myanmar.

In Myanmar, the endangered species are particularly famous among researchers and local fishermen for their co-fishing partnerships. A traditional fishing method in the area sees dolphins work with fishermen to round up shoals of fish and drive them towards the awaiting nets. The phenomenon is drawing increasing numbers of tourists to that area along the Irrawaddy River.

To promote the conservation of the unique dolphins, the local community, WCS Myanmar and local organizations have established community-based tourism projects which facilitate Irrawaddy dolphin co-fishing experiences for tourists.

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Amid Mon-Karen Tensions, Troops Withdrawn and Normalcy Temporarily Restored

Posted: 06 May 2019 04:19 AM PDT

Karen rebels have withdrawn troops from Tha Thein village, near the Three Pagodas Pass, on Sunday, amid recent military tensions with a Mon armed group, according to Karen State border sources. The move follows a meeting between the two factions on May 3.

Nai Ah Kar, a New Mon State Party (NMSP) officer in the Three Pagodas Pass area, told The Irrawaddy on Monday that the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA) — the armed wing of the Karen National Union (KNU) — has withdrawn their troops already and all locals may now travel freely.

Nai Ah Kar said the NMSP is also preparing to withdraw troops from the high-tension area, returning all Mon and Karen troops to their military barracks and deflating all tensions, returning the situation to normal.

Saw Htee Edward, of the KNU's Liaison Office in Three Pagodas Pass, also confirmed that his troops have already withdrawn from Mon areas.

Tensions arose following a small clash on April 29 between the KNLA and Mon National Liberation Army (MNLA), the armed wing of the NMSP, over a territorial dispute regarding a logging project.

At the May 3 meeting near Three Pagodas Pass, a dozen KNU and NMSP leaders agreed on three points: that both sides would withdraw troops from areas of military tension; that the NMSP would temporarily stop a logging project in the area; and that both sides would give advanced warning when troops travel to each controlled area in the future, according to Nai Ah Kar.

The disputed area has seen peace since the NMSP signed a ceasefire with the Myanmar government in 1995. Both the KNU and the NMSP later made verbal agreements to work towards local development and economic improvement, especially in the area of forestry.

In a previous logging project carried out by the NMSP there, that group agreed to give the KNU 19,000 kyats for every ton of timber they harvested; this time, however, the KNU did not accept the payment, insisting the area belongs to them.

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Villagers Who Were Shot Dead in Custody Denied Funeral Rites, Locals Say

Posted: 06 May 2019 03:17 AM PDT

SITTWE—Buddhist funeral rites were denied for six local residents shot dead by the Myanmar military (or Tatmadaw) in the village of Kyauktan in Rakhine State's Rathedaung Township, local residents told The Irrawaddy.

They said an informal burial was held on Friday. "At first, family members were not allowed to see the bodies. Soldiers informed the family members and villagers only after they took the bodies to the cemetery. And the funeral rites could not be performed. An informal funeral was held," Ma Soe Soe, a resident of Kyauktan village, told The Irrawaddy.

According to Buddhist custom, funeral rites are performed by monks, to whom family members make donations in the hope that the deceased may benefit from the merit upon their rebirth.

"As funeral rites could not be performed for them, they lost their rights," said Buddhist monk Sayadaw U Wunna Siri.

Funeral attendees were also prohibited from taking photos of the funeral with their mobile phones, the villagers said.

However, Brigadier-General Zaw Min Tun of the Tatmadaw True News Information Team said the bodies were handed over to family members at around 9.30 a.m. on Friday, adding that funeral rites were performed according to Buddhist tradition.

"It is not that [funeral attendees] were not allowed to take photos and videos [of the funeral]. We handed over the bodies to family members, and allowed the funeral to be organized in line with religious customs," he told The Irrawaddy.

He added that Buddhist rites were performed at the funeral.

But Ma Soe Soe, the Kyauktan village resident, told The Irrawaddy, "The monks cannot even leave the monastery; how could a funeral possibly have been organized in line with Buddhist funeral rites? I attended the funeral. Family members were only able to see the bodies for a while. All the bodies were disfigured."

Brig-Gen. Zaw Min Tun said the Tatmadaw had assigned a senior military officer to investigate the allegations, and that it would officially release the findings.

On April 30, Tatmadaw troops arrived at Kyauktan village and summoned all the male villagers above the age of 15. Then, they interrogated 275 villagers at the village school on suspicion of having ties to the Arakan Army (AA).

According to villagers who were injured in the incident, a detainee who had been scared by the ongoing detention jumped over the fence and escaped. Soldiers fired at the man and more than 200 detainees stood up to see what was happening. Unexpectedly, soldiers surrounded them from both sides and fired into the crowd, the injured villagers said.

While six of the detainees were shot dead, eight others were injured. The Tatmadaw confirmed the fatalities but claimed its soldiers opened fire on the captive villagers because they tried to snatch guns from the soldiers, an account which differs to that shared by those at the scene.

"We were sleeping when we suddenly heard gunfire. So, we were frightened and checked what was happening. Then a villager ran into the crowd, shouting 'Run! Run!' This was followed by soldiers opening fire on us. So, we all ran in different directions out of fear. We were surrounded by soldiers both inside and outside [the school]; how could we snatch guns?" said Ko Kyaw Kyaw Nyein, one of the injured detainees receiving treatment at Sittwe Hospital.

The Tatmadaw released 126 villagers on Friday, and said that more would be released later.

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Firebrand Monk Calls for Military Parliamentarians to be ‘Worshipped’

Posted: 06 May 2019 01:04 AM PDT

YANGON—U Wirathu, a firebrand nationalist monk has again sparked controversy by comparing military-appointed lawmakers to the Buddha at a rally on Sunday.

Speaking in front of Yangon City Hall at the demonstration calling for Article 59(f) of the 2008 Constitution to be maintained and for Article 261 to be amended, the ultranationalist monk called for the military-appointed lawmakers to be worshipped like the Buddha.

"Today, soldiers sit in the Parliament, braving the wrath [of the people]. They don't get the salaries of a lawmaker. The only get their soldiers' salaries. You should, in fact, worship the soldiers who protect the country despite the wrath and their [modest] soldiers' salaries. But now, you loathe them as an enemy. It is not yet time to amend the Constitution," said U Wirathu.

The military-drafted 2008 Constitution guarantees the military 25 percent of seats in Parliament. Any amendment to the Constitution requires approval from more than 75 percent of lawmakers, giving the military veto power.

U Wirathu also criticized the ruling National League for Democracy (NLD) government and the NLD-dominated Parliament, saying that they should change their behavior first because they themselves do not meet democratic norms.

"I'd like to ask legislators if they are as qualified as their international counterparts. If they are, we would be happy to see that all the soldiers are removed [from the Parliament]," said the monk.

While the monk was addressing the crowd, one man heckled him from the audience, leading to a brawl between him and nationalist attendees.

"As Sayadaw was speaking on the stage, he jeered at him below the stage. He mocked the Sayadaw from the start of his talks, so we pulled him out for fear that he would get into trouble with the nationalists. But then, it resulted in a spell of commotion," said a female nationalist who was at the event.

Members of the police force took the man to a nearby police station.

U Wirathu is notorious for his anti-Muslim rhetoric and is seen as having stirred the tensions that caused communal violence in Rakhine State in 2012. In 2013, his portrait was on the front cover of Time magazine with the title “The Face of Buddhist Terror.” He was banned by the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee, the highest Buddhist authority of Myanmar, from preaching for one year due to his hate-invoking speeches.

On Friday, Thai authorities banned a sermon by U Wirathu scheduled to be held in Phuket in the far south of the country.

Myanmar migrant worker communities in Phuket regularly organize Dhamma sermons given by Buddhist monks invited over from Myanmar, and it was the first time an event had been prohibited, according to migrant worker advocacy groups.

Other notorious nationalists U Win Ko Ko Latt and U Hlaw Swe also spoke at the event. Their speeches focused on opposing the amending of Article 59(f), a controversial part of the Constitution which bars Daw Aung San Suu Kyi from becoming president for having been married to a foreigner, and because her sons are British citizens.

The demonstrators called for the protection of Article 59 and Article 361, plus the amending of Article 261 in line with the law.

Article 361 stresses the special position of Buddhism as "the faith professed by the great majority of the citizens" of the Union.

In February, despite strong opposition from the military and the military-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP), the Union Parliament approved to form a 45-member committee to draft amendments to the Constitution.

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Sri Lanka Police Discover Suspected Training Camp for Islamist Militants

Posted: 05 May 2019 10:08 PM PDT

KATTANKUDY, Sri Lanka—Sri Lankan police on Sunday discovered a 10-acre camp in the eastern town of Kattankudy, where Islamist militants linked to the deadly Easter attacks are believed to have practiced shooting and bomb making.

The walled terrain is nestled in a poor residential area on the outskirts of the home town of Zahran Hashim, who is believed to have been a key player in plotting the April 21 attacks. Islamic State has claimed responsibility for the church and hotel bombings that killed more than 250 people.

The narrow, sandy plot is dotted with a cinderblock four-story watchtower, as well as mango trees, a chicken coop and a goat shed.

“They wanted to show this place was normal. If someone comes to see, it looks like a farm. But what they were doing is terrorism,” said a senior police officer in the Batticaloa area, asking to remain anonymous because he was not authorized to speak to media.

Police found bullet holes in the wall on one side of the grounds, as well as long tubes suspected of holding bombs, the officer said.

Two owners of the plot of land have been arrested, the officer said.

The post Sri Lanka Police Discover Suspected Training Camp for Islamist Militants appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

Fake Mews? Confusion Over Cat at Thai King’s Coronation Ceremony

Posted: 05 May 2019 09:36 PM PDT

BANGKOK—Animal lovers in Thailand were thrown into confusion on Sunday over whether a Siamese cat presented to the newly crowned Thai king and his queen was a living feline—or not.

Thailand is holding three days of coronation events for King Maha Vajiralongkorn, 66, who was officially crowned on Saturday in elaborate ceremonies.

It is tradition at royal coronations to present a cat—as well as several symbolic household items—to a new monarch as part of the private Assumption of the Royal Residence blessing ceremony, which was held on Saturday at the Chakrabat Biman residence.

Cats are considered lucky by many Thais and the tradition of giving one as a housewarming gift signifies a stable home.

On Sunday morning, several Thai media outlets carried a photo of two uniformed palace officials next to what appeared to be a docile Siamese cat and a fluffy white rooster. The image, distributed by the Bureau of the Royal Household, was not captioned.

But by afternoon, the Thai-language news site Manager was reporting that the palace had used a “cat doll” instead of a live cat.

A palace official, contacted by Reuters, said: “The royal ceremony required the use of a rooster and a cat. It should not be the focus whether the animals were real or not, but instead the ritual itself is important.”

Reuters was unable to independently confirm whether live animals were used in the ceremony or the photograph.

A Facebook page Maewthai.com—”ThaiCat.com”—posted a copy of the palace photo with a message from a well-known cat breeder saying he originally had been asked to select two gentle male Siamese cats for the ceremony but his cats were ultimately not used.

“I feel grateful for His Majesty’s kindness for feeling compassionate about the cats, fearing that the animal would suffer from waiting too long during ceremonies, so the cats were not used,” said the breeder, whose post did not identify him by name.

The breeder did not directly address whether the cat in the palace photo was a doll.

That ambiguity confused some Thais who posted comments online.

“So is it real or fake cat?” a Facebook user called Niphawan Rakpontee asked.

Another user named Krittaya Parichayanan said “It’s a real cat isn’t it?"

“This is likely a stuffed cat,” user Prapaporn Tongprasan said.

Thailand has strict lese majeste laws carrying prison sentences of up to 15 years for insulting the king, queen or the heir-apparent.

Historical images of the 1926 coronation of King Rama VII, the current monarch’s great uncle, show a group photo with female members of the royal family holding both a Siamese cat—a breed that originated in Thailand—as well as a rooster.

The tradition of using cats in royal household ceremonies dates back centuries, said historian and writer Sujane Kanparit.

“The meaning of having a cat is that it brings warmth to the household. It is an old court tradition that has appeared in the royal chronicles,” he told Reuters.

Asked if the cat in the palace photo was alive or a doll, Sujane said: “I have no idea.”

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‘I Shall Reign with Righteousness’: Thailand Crowns King in Ornate Ceremonies

Posted: 05 May 2019 09:26 PM PDT

BANGKOK—Thailand’s King Maha Vajiralongkorn on Saturday completed Buddhist and Brahmin rituals to symbolically transform him into a living god as the Southeast Asian nation crowned its first monarch in nearly seven decades.

The coronation of King Vajiralongkorn, 66, took place inside the Grand Palace throne hall in Bangkok after a period of official mourning for his revered father, King Bhumibol Adulyadej, who died in October 2016 having reigned for 70 years.

The king sat on a golden throne under a nine-tiered umbrella to receive royal regalia including a gold-enameled, diamond-tipped crown in ceremonies that mixed glittering pomp with solemn religious rites.

The monarch was joined by new Queen Suthida after a surprise announcement three days before the coronation that the thrice-divorced monarch had married for a fourth time.

His coronation comes amid the uncertainty of an unresolved election battle between the current military junta chief and a “democratic front” trying to push the army out of politics.

“I shall continue, preserve, and build upon the royal legacy and shall reign with righteousness for the benefit and happiness of the people forever,” the king said in his first royal command.

Traditionally uttered after a king is crowned, the king’s first command serves to capture the essence of his reign. The king’s command was similar to that of his father’s.

Late in the afternoon, the king was carried in a royal palanquin in a procession from the Grand Palace to the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, where yellow-clad Thais awaited his arrival, repeatedly chanting, “Long live the king.”

After 80 Buddhist monks chanted, the king proclaimed himself the Royal Patron of Buddhism: “I will rightfully protect Buddhism forever.”

Later, King Vajiralongkorn and Queen Suthida performed a private housewarming ritual at the royal residence in the Grand Palace where they stayed the night, as previous kings have done, ending the first of the three-day coronation ceremonies.

In his first speech earlier on Saturday to members of the royal family, the Privy Council, and top government officials, among others, the king called for national unity.

“I invite everyone here and all Thai people to share my determination and work together, each according to his status and duty, with the nation’s prosperity and the people’s happiness as the ultimate goals,” he said.

Military junta leader Prayuth Chan-ocha, the speaker of the army-appointed parliament and the chairman of the Supreme Court—representing the three branches of government—also spoke to express “gratitude” to the king.

Prayuth is seeking to stay on as an elected prime minister after the first elections since the military seized power five years ago. Final results of the March 24 vote will be announced after the coronation.

Divine monarch

Thai coronation rituals are a mixture of Buddhist and Hindu Brahmin traditions dating back centuries. One of the many official titles King Vajiralongkorn will take is Rama X, or the 10th king of the Chakri dynasty founded in 1782.

Saturday’s rituals were about transforming him into a “Devaraja,” or a divine embodiment of the gods.

The king received the royal golden plaque containing his name and title, the royal horoscope, and the royal seal, which were made in a three-hour ritual last week.

He also received and put on five articles of the royal regalia from the chief Brahmin.

The high-reaching crown, which weighs 7.3 kilograms (16 pounds) symbolizes the summit of Mount Meru, the Hindu god Indra’s heavenly abode, and its weight represents the monarch’s royal burden.

King Vajiralongkorn put the crown on his head himself with the help of court officials, and adjusted it several times during the ceremony.

Before the crowning ritual, he appeared dressed in white robes as he underwent a purification ritual, sitting under a canopied fountain that poured consecrated waters over his head.

The country’s Buddhist Supreme Patriarch also poured sacred waters over the king, followed by Brahmin priests and royal family members. During the ceremonies, the king gave alms to saffron-robed, barefoot monks.

The monarch also granted Queen Suthida, a former Thai Airways flight attendant and head of his personal bodyguard regiment, her full royal title.

Outside the palace walls, people in yellow polo shirts sat on roadsides, holding up portraits of the king and the national flag as 19th-century cannons fired to announce the new reign.

Yellow is the color of Monday, the day the king was born, and the color of the sun, which represents the monarch in the cosmos, according to Thai culture.

One onlooker, Kanjana Malaithong, told local media she had traveled since 1 a.m. from northern Thailand to witness the ceremony, shown live on big screens outside the palace.

“I’m so overjoyed … There’ll never be another chance like this, it’s a once-in-a-lifetime event,” she said.

During 18 months of his reign so far, King Vajiralongkorn has moved to consolidate the authority of the monarchy, including taking more direct control of the crown’s vast wealth with the help of Thailand’s military government.

Thailand ended absolute rule by its kings in 1932, but the monarchy remains highly revered as the divine symbol and protector of the country and Buddhist religion.

The post ‘I Shall Reign with Righteousness’: Thailand Crowns King in Ornate Ceremonies appeared first on The Irrawaddy.

What’s Next for NDAA and Its Border Boomtown of Mong La?

Posted: 05 May 2019 07:13 PM PDT

The National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) was formed in 1989 after splitting from the former Communist Party of Burma (CPB), which rose in rebellion against the Myanmar government. The NDAA was one of the first groups to sign a ceasefire with the Myanmar Army (or Tatmadaw).

The NDAA controls Mong La, Nanban and Sele districts, which constitute Shan State Special Region 4, also known as the Mong La Area.

As June 30 marks the 30th anniversary of the NDAA's signing of a truce with the Tatmadaw, U Kham Maung, who is on the executive board of the Peace and Solidarity Committee (PSC), the political wing of the NDAA, recently talked to The Irrawaddy's Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint about how the PSC built a booming border town over the past 30 years, the state of the region's economy, and the political ideology of the PSC.

Executive member of the Peace and Solidarity Committee (PSC) U Kham Maung / Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint / The Irrawaddy

The NDAA will celebrate the 30th anniversary of the signing of the peace agreement on a grand scale, with a military parade and traditional dancing. While the United Wa State Army (UWSA), Myanmar's largest ethnic armed group, showed off drones and anti-aircraft missiles at the 30th anniversary of the signing of its truce with the central government, U Kham Maung said the NDAA does not possess such weapons.

Mong La is growing much faster than major towns on the mainland. How did the NDAA work to bring about economic prosperity in the past 30 years?

Before that, we fought a war as part of the CPB. At the time, we called the military government the "Ne Win military regime". As the CPB said that [the regime] was the common enemy of the people, we fought a war for over 20 years. People died and faced appalling material hardship. They had neither shelter nor food. So, the leadership thought that if we remained under the leadership of the CPB, we would have to continue fighting even if we were not willing to do so. So, we split from the CPB on April 19, 1989.

Then, we established the NDAA with troops from #815 War Zone [designated by the CPB], which is Nanban and Mong La of Special Region 4 today, and Brigade 764 based in Sele District [the brigade was then under the direct control of the CPB]. We combined those two forces and established the NDAA. Then we contacted Military Intelligence [now the Office of the Chief of Military Security Affairs] and implemented a ceasefire.

Scenes of Mong La / Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint / The Irrawaddy

On June 30, 1989, the country's leaders designated this region as Special Region 4 of eastern Shan State. We had long been in poverty. So our leaders thought about how to develop our area and we built Mong La under the guidance of our chairman U Sai Linn and with the participation of all the local ethnic people.

When we signed the truce, the military government allowed us to retain the areas which we had taken control of through fighting, on condition that we stopped fighting. And they urged us to develop our own areas. At that time we had no schools. They asked us what we needed, and we told them we were lagging behind in the health and education sectors.

We signed the truce on June 30, and the military government sent education, health, agriculture and veterinary staff in July.

Given that they only had military experience, what difficulties did the leaders of Mong La region face in spurring regional development?

At the time, our leaders only knew how to wage war. They understood nothing about regional development, and they had no experience. So, we struggled hard to build it into the splendid town it is today by trial and error. The government as well as our friends [other ethnic armed groups] gave us advice. We planned to build our town as a tourist town. Our town had nothing in the past [to attract travelers]. Then we built pagodas, a national races village and organized elephant and crocodile shows as well as a gay show, which we imported from Thailand. Mong La had quite a lot of hustle and bustle at the time, and we were able to attract many travelers.

From 1995 to 2004, we received 500 to 800 20-seater and 30-seater buses of Chinese travelers from Xishaungbana daily. They arrived in the town around 8 am. They enjoyed the shows and visited pagodas, and went back around 2 pm. Our town was quite alive with visitors.

Why did the tourism industry decline later?

It is difficult to say. We didn't wish to see that. But China might have its own regulations. In December 2004, the Chinese government closed the Tar Law gate. So, it has been more than 10 years since I last visited China. It has tightened restrictions.

Scenes of Mong La / Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint / The Irrawaddy

We also have a Hotels and Tourism Department. It contacted the Hotels and Tourism Department in China. Today, we still receive Chinese travelers, but the number has declined significantly.

Your group signed the truce 30 years ago, but the government has asked it to sign the Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement (NCA). What is the view of Mong La leaders on this?

At first, we said we would take part in the political dialogue, but we would not sign the NCA because clashes have not taken place for nearly 30 years. But then, when we attended the 21st Century Panglong Peace Conference, the country's leaders said the NCA is more comprehensive than the previous ceasefire agreement.

We don't oppose the NCA, but we adhere to a policy of an all-inclusive peace process. If all the ethnic armed organizations would sign it, we are ready to sign it any time.

By all-inclusive, which particular groups do you mean? What if the UWSA said it didn't wish to sign the NCA?

There are 21 ethnic armed groups, and 10 groups have signed the NCA. I mean, if eight or nine remaining groups sign it, we will also sign. We have to take the views of other groups and the overall situation into consideration. So, it is difficult for us to sign it separately. It is up to the UWSA whether or not to sign it. We have to look at the other organizations.

Scenes of Mong La / Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint / The Irrawaddy

Your group signed ceasefire agreements during the time of U Thein Sein's government. Does the current government led by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi recognize those agreements or has it introduced a new process?

We signed three truces—one at the state-level and two at the Union level, signed separately in Kengtung and Mong La. And we are currently abiding by those agreements. President U Thein Sein's government promised us a [political] dialogue after signing the agreement at three levels. But now, we are told that we can participate in the dialogue only after signing the NCA. So, we are waiting to engage in dialogue.

What would Mong La leaders like to discuss as part of the political dialogue?

As we've said earlier, we will demand autonomy for Special Region 4. We demanded autonomy when the National Convention was convened in 1993. Under the 2008 Constitution, six other ethnic groups were given autonomy, but we weren't. And we don't know why. We just want to govern our region. This is our policy and political ambition. There is nothing special. We want autonomy according to the law. That's all.

What is the size and population of Special Region 4?

Eastern Shan State covers 4,952 square miles, and most of the areas are mountainous. The population is around 100,000, and there are 13 indigenous tribes, and the majority of them are Shan, Akha, Tai Lue and Kokang. The other tribes only account for a few hundreds to a few thousand. There are 413 villages in total.

There are three districts, which we call regions—Nanban, Mong La and Sele—and there are 26 village tracts.

Why wasn't Special Region 4 granted autonomy while other ethnic special regions were? 

We don't know why. We are asking the same question.

Are NDAA leaders concerned that the government will try militarily or by other means to strip Mong La of Special Region status and incorporate Mong La into the mainland if Mong La remains as a Special Region without autonomy? 

It seems hopeless if we are not constitutionally granted autonomy. We want the Constitution to be changed. The fate of our Special Region 4 will be different only when the Constitution is changed. We wish that would happen. According to the existing Constitution, our Nanban Region is Mongyu Township, and Mong La, where our administration is headquartered, is in Kengtung Township. And Sele Region is in Mong Yang Township.

Scenes of Mong La / Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint / The Irrawaddy

What was the position of the leaders of Special Region 4 when the 2008 Constitution was drafted?

Our chairman Sai Lin attended [the National Convention]. He could no longer attend it due to health reasons in 1996, and his son [U Htein Lin] attended on his behalf when the National Convention resumed in 2004. Since then, we have demanded an autonomous region.

What role would the leaders of Special Region 4 like to take in the peace process initiated by the government?

We are encouraged by the statement of the Commander-in-Chief of Defense Services that peace will be delivered to the people by 2020. The federal Union presented by Daw Aung San Suu Kyi is also good. But we don't know if they are as good as their word. We always welcome it. It is just around one year until 2020. It is up to the country's leaders. We can only wait and watch.

The UWSA enjoys a higher status than the federalism which is being demanded by other ethnic groups. Which status do you prefer—federalism or confederation—if your group is to participate in political dialogue in the future?

We don't understand much about federalism and confederation. What we want is the status quo, to maintain the control of Special Region 4. We have our own army, police force and people. And we have grown short-term and long-term crops. We have gone through 30 years like this and we want to continue as it is now.

The Tatmadaw says there must be a single army, and calls for a DDR [Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration] process? What is the view of Special Region 4 leaders on this?

The Army chief was talking about the entire project. We want to keep our own army. We can be a force [for the Tatmadaw] if there are external threats. We won't fight with the Tatmadaw. Our army is only meant for the protection of our region and our local people. We don't accept disarmament. Reintegration should be discussed only when there is a political guarantee. It is too early to discuss now. Our wish is to be able to protect our region with our own army.

Scenes of Mong La / Nan Lwin Hnin Pwint / The Irrawaddy

Your group has a regular army, though it doesn't fight with the government. Why is your army kept ready?

When we made peace, the country's leadership [the military government] told me not to expand our army. We didn't. But we have military readiness. We replace the troops. For example, I have served in the army for 45 years. Generally, I should have resigned and should have been replaced with a younger [officer]. But as I'm in a leadership position, I can't resign.

As we keep a regular army, we have to replace [older troops] with new blood regularly so that it has military readiness. It is normal for an army to keep training. It is not good to keep soldiers idle without training. Our people will feel safe only if we keep training. However, we don't have any intention to wage war or invade.

But if somebody came and bullied our people, we will fight to the death. Our army was formed to protect the people. We haven't expanded our army; we keep it at its original size.

(Note: Conscription is exercised in Special Region 4. One person in every household has to serve in the army. Both men and women serve in the NDAA. If a family has two sons, one must serve in the army.)

The post What's Next for NDAA and Its Border Boomtown of Mong La? appeared first on The Irrawaddy.